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Question 1

Write down the treatment in mercury poisoning?

Answer 1

• Gastric lavage
• Administration of proteinous liquids
• Activated Charcoal
• Chelation therapy -BAL, DMSA, penicillamine

Question 2

Write down classification of pesticides according to the pests that they destroy? (11)

Answer 2

1. Insecticides
2. Acaricides
3. Herbicides
4. Fungicides
5. Rodenticides
6. Algicides
7. Molluscicides
8. Arboricides
9. Desicants
10. Defoliants
11. Growth regulators

Question 3

What clinical signs are present with cadmium poisoning?

Answer 3

Kidney and testicular damage
Lung irritation and damage
-diarrhoea and restlesness (acute)
-Emphysema (chronic)

Question 4

What is exposure?
What are the timeframes associated with Acute, sub-chronic and chronic exposure?

Answer 4

• Exposure is the amount and/or concentration of the chemical involved and the time of its interaction with the organism
  -Acute is usually a one time exposure (occupational or accidental)
  -Sub chronic
  -Chronic is repeated exposure, weeks, months, years (intentional, occupational, environmental

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of dinitro-orto-cresol (DNOC)?

Answer 5

Inhibits the oxidative phosphorylation in the tissues the causes the decrease of the synthesis of energy-rich compounds (ATP) and stimulation of metabolism in the poisend organism
Also a methemoglobinemia agent

Question 6

What clinical signs are expected with strychnine toxicosis?

Answer 6

• Nervousness, tenseness, stiffness, violent titanic spasms (Sound,touch or light)
• seizures, exterior rigidity of limbs and spinal coloumn
• clonic-tonic stage, calm motionless, body temp 40-41 fever
• Death

Question 7

Write classification of insecticides? (8)

Answer 7

1. Inorganic I.
2. Natural I.
3. Nitrated phenols
4. Carbolineum and Mineral Oils
5. Chlorinated I.
6. Organo Phosphorus I.
7. Insecticidal Carbamates
8. Organic Thiocyanates

Question 8

Write list of natural insecticides?

Answer 8

1. Pyrethrins
2. Pyrethroids
3. Rotenon
4. Nicotine

Question 9

Write clinical symptoms typical for organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 9

• Muscarinic = overstimulation of the parasympathetic nerve system
  *Nicotinic = from ganglionic and myoneural junction stimulation

Question 10

What is the difference between warfarin and superwarfarin?

Answer 10

Superwarfarins have been developed to combat warfarin-resistant rat populations = greater prolongation of clotting and prothrombin times

Warfarin 1st gen and accumulative
Superwarfarins 2nd gen and single dose