5L

Question 1

Socialization Influences through

Answer 1

Social power
Relationship closeness
Relationship choice
Start of socialization

Question 2

S Influences (different type of people)

Answer 2

Parents Peers Friends
Asymmetrical Symmetrical Symmetrical
Close Less close Close
Involuntary Involuntary Voluntary
From birth School age Preadolescence

Question 3

How do parents socialise children’s emotional

behaviour?

Answer 3

Modelling
 Expression of affect  
 Social referencing
 Display emotions
 Coping behaviors
 Affective environment

Contingencies
 Emotional behaviour is shaped through
 Reinforcement 
>Facilitates emotional competence
 Punishment 
>Emotion associated with negative 
consequences 

Communication
 Frequency and content of ‘feeling’ talk
 Identification of emotions (awareness)
 Display rules (expression)
 Regulate negative affect (coping)

Question 4

Peers as Socialization Influence

Answer 4

Similarity
Group processes

Dampen expression of negative emotions
> Direct teasing and ridiculing
> Indirect gossiping

‘Emotional front’

Regulation of anger
> More use of distancing or avoidance in older vs.
younger children

Question 5

Friends as Socialization Influence

Answer 5

Similarity

Intensity

(New) dimensions in friendship context

1. Support
2. Regulating emotion caused by conflict
3. Competition

Question 6

Socialization of ER through friends

Answer 6

Best friends’ adaptive strategies positively
influenced adolescent’s strategies
> Specific to anger and fear, not sadness
No socialization of maladaptive strategies