4.2 Flashcards
An association between moral emotions and social functioning was found
in the NH group but not in the CI group. Facilitating emotion language skills are suggested to promote children’s social functioning.
Young children are able to experience a moral emotion but
their ability to anticipate the consequences of their behavior is limited, so moral emotions might not regulate children’s behavior to the same extent as in older children.
Moral emotions include a self-evaluative component and occur
when own behavior is judged as right or wrong.
. Self-awareness develops during the second year of life, which is illustrated by
self-referential behavior, e.g. use of personal pronouns and self-recognition.
Effects of parents on dev of self-awareness
important, since provide feedback, however overly critical attitudes towards child’s behavior could lead to shame-proneness
Self-evaluation abilities Toddler and Three years
Toddler period: ability to evaluate own behavior based on previous feedback learned so far and ability to generalize knowledge to other situations. Three years: internalization of personal set of moral standards that eventually channels behavior, independent from outside guidance.
Requirement in order to be able to judge own behavior through other people’s eyes
Socio-cognitive abilities, ToM
When does ToM develop?
Between 2-5, time where Cl fall behind, less able to predict other’s behavior based on their deisre and expectations
Limited understanding of other’s perspective also implies
a limited ability to anticipate other’s judgements of own behavior. Consequently, children with CI might be less inclined to express moral emotions. If children with CI are less aware of other people’s evaluations and behavior this could hamper the process of internalizing moral standards.
Ways the social environment communicates cues for how to behave, which emptions to experience and when, how to express these emotions
Body language, eye contact, facial expressions, language contend and tone of voice communicate
-Cl less good in doing so
Cl communication problems with social environment negatively impact development of moral emotions
they often face language delays and often difficulties in communication between parents and their CI children arise. A limited ability to identify own and other’s emotions is likely to also hinder the ability to interpret nonverbal messages.
Children with Ci also more often miss out on opportunities for incidental learning, e.g. cause they overhear stuff even more when they’re not directly addressed.
So: Impoverished quality of interactions with NH people in their immediate surroundings combined with limited opportunities for incidental learning
Results
Shame, guilt and pride and cooperation increased with age in both groups. Social competence only increases with age in the NH group. Externalizing behavior was unrelated to age in the NH group but increased with age in the CI group.
Emotion vocabulary is positively related to social competence in both groups.
Younger age of implantation and longer use of implant were positively correlated to pride but not to shame, guilt or any other social functioning.
Effect of moral sense on positive and negative behavior
A relationship between moral emotions was only found with positive behavior not with negative behavior; better-developed moral sense provided positive behavior but did not prevent display of negative behavior.
Absence of a relationship between moral emotions and social behavior in children with CI could be explained by
differences in the ways in which children acquire social–emotional competence.
Language was not found to be an important determinant of children’s moral emotion expression. Two reasons for this are
that language does not equal communication and also other factors besides language might be more important for the development of moral emotions. It is not just the ability to understand and produce general language that is important for social– emotional functioning; it is the ability to understand and use emotion language in daily conversations that is critical for adequate social functioning.
