5.c Flashcards
What was Birmingham’s socioeconomic profile like?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Bore many characteristics of industrial decline and urban decay with high levels of multiple deprivation.
What had decades of industrial activity done to Birmingham?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Left land sites, canals and river with high levels of pollution.
Air pollution was at very high levels (SO2).
What did global shift cause in Birmingham?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Decline of manufacturing and heavy industry (including car industry).
What is global shift?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
The loss of jobs.
Between 1970-1983 what fell from being the highest in the UK to almost the lowest of any region?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Earnings.
What percentage were unemployed in Birmingham, in 1982?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
19.4%.
As people were losing jobs in Birmingham during the 1980s, what did many do?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
High numbers of people claiming benefits.
What was housing like in Birmingham, during the major job losses?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Many people live in densely populated housing estates and poor quality tower blocks (Safety hazards/ graffiti/ rundown/ unkempt).
Outline 3 general socioeconomic factors about Birmingham during the job losses of the 1980s.
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Large number of young dependents.
Higher than UK average birth rate.
Lower life expectancy than UK average.
In Birmingham, during the 1980s, what was the perception of the area like?
(When and why did Birmingham need rebranding?)
Negative perceptions of dirty, run down city.
How do you assess the success of rebranding?
Using the 3 categories, (most strategies fall into at least 1).
Economic.
Social.
Environmental.
Outline ‘economic’ as a category to assess the success of rebranding.
To improve wealth, employment and income.
Outline ‘social’ as a category to assess the success of rebranding.
To improve the quality of life of residents.
Outline ‘environmental’ as a category to assess the success of rebranding.
To improve the physical characteristics of the place.
What are the 7 core objectives of urban design?
Clearly defined public and private areas.
Attractive and well-managed spaces.
A place that is easy to get to and move through.
A place with a clear image that people can recognise.
A place that can adapt in the future.
A place with variety and choice in the economic and social activities taking place.
A place with its own identity - blending tradition with innovation.
Give examples of how the core objective of urban design - ‘clearly defined public and private areas.’ - can be seen in Birmingham.
Redevelopment of New Street Station.
Good frequent bus service cycle paths.
New roads: A38 is positive, but it has congestion.
Give examples of how the core objective of urban design - ‘attractive and well-managed spaces.’ - can be seen in Birmingham.
Gas Street Basin.
Mailbox.
Brindley Place.
Parks/ open spaces.
Give examples of how the core objective of urban design - ‘a place that is easy to get to and move through.’ - can be seen in Birmingham.
Gas Street Basin.
Mailbox.
Brindley Place.
Parks/ open spaces.
Give examples of how the core objective of urban design - ‘a place with a clear image that people can recognise.’ - can be seen in Birmingham.
Bull Ring.
Selfridges.
Canal Redevelopment.
New Street Station.
Give examples of how the core objective of urban design - ‘a place with variety and choice in the economic and social activities taking place.’ - can be seen in Birmingham.
Sports events.
NEC.
ICC.
Symphony Hall.
Royal Ballet.
Give examples of how the core objective of urban design - ‘a place with its own identity - blending tradition with innovation.’ - can be seen in Birmingham.
Tradition: Canals, architecture of Victoria Square.
Modern: Selfridges, New Street Station.
Name 4 data collection methods for assessing the successes of rebranding.
Quantitative analysis.
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) and local authorities.
Assessments of the quality of the physical environment in regenerated areas, and comparisons.
Qualitative data (non-numerical data).
How can ‘quantitative analysis’ be used to assess the successes of rebranding?
Quantitative analysis uses data that can be expressed numerically. It can be statistically analysed and represented visually in graphs, maps or charts.
How can ‘The Office for National Statistics (ONS) and local authorities’ be used to assess the successes of rebranding?
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) and local authorities publish data e.g changes in types of employment and unemployment figures, comparing crime statistics, comparing extent of multiple deprivation from year to another.
