5A Photosynthesis and Respiration Flashcards
Why do plants need energy?
- Photosynthesis
- Active transport
- DNA replication
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
Why do animals need energy?
- Muscle contraction
- Maintaining body temp
- Active transport
- DNA replication
- Cell division
- Protein synthesis
What does photosynthesis do?
It is the process where energy from light is used to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide
What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy –> C6H12O6 + 6O2
How is the energy that is produced from photosynthesis stored?
It is stored in the glucose that is made until the plant releases it by respiration
How do animals obtain glucose?
By eating plants (or other animals)
They then respire the glucose to release energy
How do cells release the energy from glucose?
By respiration
What is the energy from glucose used for in cells?
It is used to power all the biological processes in a cell
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic - respiration using oxygen
Anaerobic - respiration without oxygen
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 +6H2O + Energy
What is C6H12O6?
Glucose
What does anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast produce?
Ethanol, CO2 and releases energy
What does anaerobic respiration produce in animals?
Lactate and energy
What is ATP used for in a cell?
It is the immediate source of energy
Why do cells use ATP for energy?
As a cell can’t get its energy directly from glucose
So energy released from glucose is used to make ATP
ATP carries energy around the cell where it’s needed
How is ATP made?
It is synthesised via a condensation reaction between ADP and an inorganic phosphate, using energy from an energy releasing-reaction
Which enzyme catalyses the formation of ATP?
ATP synthase
Where is ATP hydrolysed?
In the part of the cell that needs energy
What happens when ATP is hydrolysed (broken down)?
It is hydrolysed into ADP and inorganic phosphate
Chemical energy is released from the phosphate bond and is used by the cell
Which enzyme catalyses the breakdown of ATP?
ATP hydrolase
Where is the energy stored in ATP?
In the phosphate bend, it is released when this bond is broken
Once ATP has been broken down, what happens the the ADP and the inorganic phosphate?
They’re recycled and the process starts again
What are 6 useful properties of ATP?
- Small manageable amount of energy released at a time
- Small and soluble molecule
- Easily broken down
- Can be quickly re-meade
- Can make other molecules more reactive
- Can’t pass out of the cell
Why is it useful that ATP only releases small, manageable amounts of energy at a time?
So no energy is wasted as heat