5.6 Respiration Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur ?
Occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is glycolysis ?
Anaerobic process that splits glucose into 2 smaller 3C pyruvate molecules. ATP and reduced NAD are also produced.
What is the first step in glycolysis ?
Phosphorylation occurs when 2 ATP molecules react with glucose to form hexose bisphosphate and 2ADP.
What occurs in glycolysis when hexose bisphosphate is formed ?
Lysis occurs, which destabilises the molecule causing it to split into 2 trios phosphate molecules.
What occurs when triose phosphate is phosphorylised ?
Another phosphate group is added to the triose phosphate to form triose bisphosphate.
What occurs when triose bisphosphate becomes dehydrogenated ?
Triose bisphosphate is the oxidised by the removal of the hydrogen atoms to form 2 pyruvate molecules. NAD+ accepts the hydrogen to form NADH. At the same time, 4 ATP molecules are produced using phosphates from triode bisphosphate molecules.
What is glycolysis an example of ?
Is an example of substrate - level phosphorylation (the formation of ATP without an electron transport chain).
What are the products of glycolysis ?
2 molecules of ATP and 2 reduced NAD molecules.
What is the Link Reaction ?
Second step of respiration, where pyruvate turns into acetyl.
What is the first step of the Link Reaction ?
Pyruvate molecules are actively pumped into the mitochondria via a pyruvate H+ symport.
Where does the Link Reaction occur ?
Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, when oxygen is present.
What does pyruvate react with in the matrix ?
Pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Co2 is released and another molecule of NAD+ is reduced.
What is the first step in the Krebs cycle ?
Acetate (2C) is removed from acetyl CoA, which joins with oxaloacetate (4C) to form citrate (6C). CoA is reused in the Link Reaction.
What occurs to citrate in the Krebs cycle ?
Citrate is decarboxylated releasing CO2. It is also dehydrogenated, releasing 2 H+ ions, which react with NAD+ to form NADH. This leaves behind the 5C compound.
What happens to the 5C compound in the Krebs cycle ?
It is decarboxylated and dehydrogenated, releasing CO2 and 2 H+ ions, which react to form NADH and leaves behind a 4C compound.
What happens to the first 4C compound in the Krebs cycle ?
It regenerated another molecule of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation and is then converted to another 4C compound.
What happens to the second 4C compound in the Krebs cycle ?
It becomes dehydrogenated and releases 2 hydrogen atoms, which reduce FAD+ to form FADH2 and a different 4C compound.