5.6

Question 1

Ottoman Empire, the “sick man of Europe”: gov sponsored industrialization

Answer 1

• Britain, France, Russia, pressing against the Ottoman Empire’s territories
• incompetent leaders
• decline in power and wealth due to non-industrialization: too distracted by internal corruption and conflict to invest in industrialization

Egypt was technically a part of the Ottoman Empire at this time, but operated rather independently because of it’s highly militarized government.
Muhammed Ali was from Egypt at the time that the current sultan lost power, and local Egyptian leaders declared Ali as governer and he brought Egypt into modernization and industrialization
- new textile factories
- arms factories
- shipyards
*an example of state-sponsored industrialization

Britain didn’t like that Egypt was becoming more powerful, because Egypt was the easiest route to Asia. In 1839, Ottomans went to war with Egypt, and Britain intervened and forced Egypt to remove tariffs and other regulations = British goods overwhelmed the Egyptian market, and Egypt’s industrialization was stunted as its own industries couldn’t compete

Question 2

Japan: gov sponsored industrialization

Answer 2

*Example of government sponsored industrialization
- attempted to avoid industrialization in efforts to avoid Westernization
- U.S. pressured Japan to open their borders from the Sakoku in 1853, and they eventually did, leading to industrialization only in order to maintain political and economic influence in the new, industrialized global landscape.
- Industrialization period called the Meji Restoration: increased taxes paid for railroads and roads, the abolition of feudalism, and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, established constitution w/ provisions for an elected parliament, national banking system, textile and weapon factories
- Industrialization facilitated by Japanese civil war in 1868, which overthrew the Tokugawa Shogunate

Question 3

Tanzimat reforms

Answer 3

• textile/weapon factories
• Government bought crops like wheat/cotton to sell for profit on the world market
• raised tariffs

Question 4

Tariffs definition

Answer 4

taxes on imported goods

Question 5

What happened between western powers and China?

Answer 5

They used their industrialized militaries to force China into unfair/unequal treaties that made them subordinate