5.4 Flashcards
Where did the Industrial Revolution spread?
First to France, Belgium, and Germany, then later to the U.S., Russia, and Japan (Started in Britain)
Industrialization in the U.S.
U.S. became most powerful Industrial force in the world because of mass immigration during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These immigrants were primarily Irish and German. Hostility towards immigrants became more prominent as a result. These immigrants went to urban cities where they were hired for cheap and unskilled labor in factories.
Trans-Continental Railroad increased trade and immigration between western and eastern half of U.S.
Industrialization in Russia
Intensive focus on railroad-building: Trans-Siberian Railroad that runs from Moscow to the Pacific Ocean led to a significant increase in trade with east Asia, especially China. Expansion of steel industry: by 1900, Russia was the 4th largest exporter of steel in the world. It was a state-driven affair that eventually culminated in the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Industrialization in Japan
Japan didn’t want to industrialize in efforts to conserve Japanese culture from European influence, however due to the political and economic advantage of industrialization they industrialized in order to maintain a competent military and political presence in the New World Order. Their era of Industrialization was called the Meji Restoration, and led to them becoming the most powerful state in the region.
What happened in Middle eastern and Asian nations?
Global economic participation from these areas declined due to continued skilled manufacturing without mass scale that took a long time to produce.
-India/Southeast Asia: shipbuilding was stifled due to the British navy having taken control of the Indian Ocean
-Iron in India: soil with rich iron sources, but was threatened by competition over metal by the British. This led to an uprising against the British seeking those resources, and the Indians used that iron to make bullets for use against the British. However, the British shut down the Indian iron industry by the 1800s.
There was a massive decline in global textile production from Egypt and India
What technology rapidly increased the speed of the spread of Industrialization?
The steam engine - now factories could be built anywhere, not just near water.
Used to create steamships, which increased economic globalization through faster and more efficient transportation of trade goods.
H.I., 19th-early 20th century
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Industrialization in France
Slow, because they lacked rich sources of coal and iron. Napoleon sort of laid the foundation for French Industrialization when he built the Quentin Canal that connected Paris with iron and coal fields. State-sponsored railroad construction, revived silk and emerged cotton industry.
