5.5

Question 1

Romanticism and Enlightenment

Answer 1

• they challenged the enlightenment’s emphasis on REASON in discovering truth and reacted by stressing itution, feeling, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing
• they also critiqued it in science

Question 2

Characteristics of Romanticism

Answer 2

• they emphasized EMOTION, SENTIMENT, INNER FEELINGS
• INDIVIDUALISM
• stressed on the HEROIC
• interest in the PAST
• they were attracted “to the BIZARRE and UNUSUAL”
• love of NATURE
• PANTHEISM
• CRITIQUE OF SCIENCE

Question 3

Love of Nature

Answer 3

• example: Wordsworth who believed through nature, we can learn about ourselves
• this love of nature carried into pantheism

Question 4

Romantic Poets

Answer 4

• poetry was emphasized by romantics because they thought poetry “was the direct expression of one’s soul”
• Two major themes were: love of nature, critique of science
• examples: Shelley, Lord Byron

Question 5

Mary Shelley

Answer 5

• example of gothic literature AND critique of science

- wrote Frankenstein

Question 6

Gothic Literature

Answer 6

• came from people who were obsessed with the bizarre the unusual
• examples: Edgar Allen Poe, Mary Shelley

Question 7

Interest in the Past

Answer 7

examples are walter scott (lit), grimm brothers (literature), revival of medieval gothic architecture

Question 8

Walter Scott

Answer 8

• example of interest in the past because of his medieval knight stories
• ivanhoe is one of his books

Question 9

Grimm Brothers

Answer 9

• example of interest in the past because they collected local stories
• fairy tales

Question 10

Revival of medieval Gothic Architecture

Answer 10

• example of interest in the past

- the British house of parliment

Question 11

Stress on Heroic

Answer 11

• example of stressing the HEROIC

- his portrayal in his “historical works” reflects romantic’s stress on heros

Question 12

Goethe

Answer 12

• example of romantics who emphasized EMOTION, SENTIMENT, INNER FEELINGS because he BELIEVED IN HIS OWN WORTH THOUGH HIS INNER FEELINGS
• book: Sorrows of Young Werther

Question 13

Wordsworth

Answer 13

• his is an example of love of nature and critique of science
• he believed through nature, we can learn about ourselves
• he also believed that science left no room for imagination or human soul

Question 14

Critique of Science

Answer 14

• they believed science “reduce nature to a cold object of study”
• examples: Wordsworth, Shelley

Question 15

Individualism

Answer 15

• interest in the unique traits of a person

- example: rebelled against conventions to “follow their inner drives”

Question 16

Pantheism

Answer 16

• the great force in nature, unlike the deist god of the enlightenment (rejecting enlightenment)
• the enlightenment thinkers used rationality and science instead of faith. they thought god was distant and only made human beings then stepped back
• romantics believed in a loving personal God and stressed emotions, inner faith, and religious inspiration

Question 17

Romanticism in Art

Answer 17

• artistic expression is a “reflection of the artist’s INNER FEELINGS”
• rejected principles of CLASSICISM
• classicism rejected warmth, emotion, movement
• examples: friedrich, turner, delacroix

Question 18

Friedrich

Answer 18

• instead of painting details, he depended on his INNER VISION
• painting: Man and Woman Gazing at the Moon

Question 19

Turner

Answer 19

• he did not idealize nature or create it accurately

- example: Rain Steam and Speed

Question 20

Delacroix

Answer 20

• used color to created movement

- Death of Sardanaplus

Question 21

Romanticism in Music

Answer 21

music was emphasized because it helped the person “probe deep into human emotions” and it awakened emotion

Question 22

Beethoven

Answer 22

• he used music to reflect his inner feelings during the french revolution
• he was a bridge between classicism and romanticism

Question 23

Berlioz

Answer 23

-he used program music to depict actions and emotions in a story

Question 24

Revival of Christianity

Answer 24

• it had lost attraction during the enlightenment
• then with the “restoration of the nobility” they believed Christianity was a force for order in society and emphasized it
• romanticism = middle age attraction + emphasis on emotion = revival of christianity

Question 25

Chateaubriand

Answer 25

• example of revival of catholicism and romanticism

- in his “bible of romanticism” he explained his defense of catholicism based “largely on Romantic sentiment”

Question 26

Protestantism

Answer 26

• they received a revival through “emotional conversion”
• an example is methodism (evangelical) where they converted people who FELT/ HAD AN EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE their sermons of “hellfire”
• the people who converted and had an experience were people who were alienated by the STATE CHURCH

Question 27

Romanticism and Nationalism

Answer 27

• since they studied the past, they helped make people aware of their common heritage
• this feeling led to revolts (greece)

Question 28

lord byron

Answer 28

-went to greek and died there
-was a romantic poet
childe harold’s pilgrimmage

Question 29

percy shelley

Answer 29

prometheus unbound

example of romantic poet and critique of science