5.2 Flashcards
Economic Liberalism
laissez faire: government! dont’ mess with the economy, the supply and demand and natural economic forces will control it and you only do three things
Malthus
all the horrible things in nature (poverty and misery) should just happen because it will cancel out the gap between geometric and arithmetic rate of population and food
Ricardo
don’t mess with the system. it’ll just go back in circles (think about it!)
Liberalism
- came from enlightenment and french and american revolutions
- liked economic individualism and government intervention in economy and had little concerned for plight of urban workers (malthus and ricardo)
- they wanted everyone to be equal before the law and have CIVIL LIBERTIES
- GOVERNMENT and DOCUMENT should be written to guarantee and protect those rights
- the church and state should be separate
- they believed a constitutional monarchy or state would limit the power of government
- they wanted a representative government
- they wanted ministerial responsibility
- they believed in limited suffrage or NOT FULL DEMOCRACY (only certain people can have POLITICAL rights)
John Stuart Mills
- he wanted “absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment” (meaning….)
- he was a supporter of women’s rights
Nationalism
- after the FRENCH REVOLUTION, nationalism became a popular force
- nationalism threatened to UPSET the existing POLITICAL ORDER (balance of power in Italy and Germany from congress of Vienna, Hungary and Austrian empire )
nationalism beliefs
- the PRIMARY POLITICAL LOYALTY was believed to be to the NATION
- nationalists believed each NATIONALITY should have its OWN GOVERNMENT (ex: Germans, Hungarians)
- they believed every nation should be SOVEREIGN
Liberalism and Nationalism allies
liberals believed LIBERTY could be realized only when PEOPLES RULED THEMSELVES
how Socialism came to be
- the pitiful conditions of INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- people wanted to introduce EQUALITY into social and economic conditions
- people believed HUMAN COOPERATION is better than COMPETITION
beliefs of socialism
- The resources and means of production should be owned by the community
- The profits of human labor should be EQUALLY distributed
Utopian socialist beliefs
Against private property
Against competitioN
Fourier
- he wanted to create SMALL MODEL COMMUNITIES called PHALANSTERIES
- he wanted to prove the ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LIVING
- however it remained UNTESTED
Owen
-he believed people would reveal their true natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment
-in the end he was successful in NEW LANARK, SCOTLAND
(he wasn’t successful in Indiana)
Blanc
- he believed social problems could be solved by government assistance and competition is the MAIN EVIL
- He wanted the state to finance workshops, and workers would own and work them
Female Supporters of Utopian Socialism
utopian socialism attracted women who believed only the reordering of society would help women
Gamond
she established her own phalanstery (equal job opportunities)
Comte de Saint-Simon
- the ideas came from combining christian values, scientific thought and socialist utopian
- her ideal community recognized the PRINCIPLE OF EQUALITY
Flora Tristan
- purpose: attempted to foster a utopian synthesis of socialism and feminism
- beliefs: wanted the equality of women to “pass into CUSTOM, from custom into LAW”
Background on the 1830 Revolutions
forces of change (nationalism, liberalism) were breaking through CONSERVATISM but was successful in more places than others
how the The French Revolution of 1830 started
- new elections charles X called (liberals victory)
- charles puts in July ordinances (bad move!, made liberals and working class opponents mad!)
- then the July Revolution starts
july revolution
- liberals (the UPPER MIDDLE CLASS and WORKING CLASS worked together) went to Louis-Philippe to become the CONSTITUTIONAL king
- charles flees
- louis then becomes king
The French Revolution of 1830
- MOTIVE: LIBERLIAMS
- *the UPPER MIDDLE CLASS and WORKING CLASS worked together to overthrow charles (UNITY!)
July Ordinances
it imposed rigid censorship on press, dissolved legislative assembly, reduced electorate
After the french revolution of 1830
- FINANCIAL qualifications for voting were reduced, BUT STILL HIGH
- there was unrest between the upper middle class and the working class and unrest between the two groups of bourgeoises
unrest between the upper middle class and the working class
- the upper middle class wanted to stop after the bourgeois monarchy (louis)
- the working class was then mad because they were excluded from political power and WANTED A REPUBLIC
unrest between the two groups of bourgeoises
- the two parties had different opinions about the bourgeois monarchy and direction it should take
- the party of movement wanted more
- the party of resistance thought they had the perfect government
- eventually the party of resistance won
Louis-Philippe
was called the BOURGEOIS MONARCHY because he had support from the UPPER MIDDLE CLASS
Revolution in Belgium
- the beginning: Belgian and dutch republic was squished together
- the cause: the different religions between the two
- belgium then got the major european powers to accept their independence
- MOTIVE: NATIONALISM
Revolution in Italy and Poland
- in the end: they were less successful than belgium’s
- austrians troops crushed revolts in italy
- the russians crushed the revolt in poland
- motive: NATIONALISM
