5.1 Flashcards
Edmund Burke
- he is an example of conservatism happening before
- reacting to the french revolution
- the social contract is not TEMPORARY (like trade that can be easily dissolved), but cross generational meaning no revolution and sudden change
- GRADUAL IMPROVEMENTS are okay! ;)
Maistre
- he is an example of conservatism happening before
- only ABSOLUTE/ STRONG monarchy is good because it is a “divinely sanctioned institution” (god has blessed this)
Conservatism:
- they were very TRADITIONAL because they believed people should be obedient to political authority and there should be organized religion
- they wanted to strengthen the traditional institutions of power (monarchy, aristocracy, church, patriarchal family)
- it appealed those who were frightened by the violence unleashed by the revolution
Characteristics of Conservatism
- they viewed history as continuum
- basis of society is organic, not contractual
- stability and logevity, not progress and change mark a good society
- the only legitimate sources of political authority were God and history
- they didn’t believe in the “social contract” theory
- they believed that self-interests do not lead to social harmony, but to social conflict
- no individualism and natural rights
- society is heirarchial
Burke and Maistre:
- they are different because one focused on the justification of power in the social contract, but the other focused on the justification of power in the DIVINE MONARCH
- they both talk about the same type of government passing through generation (cross generational outlook) (monarchy is inherited and the social contract can’t be changed)
Concert of Europe
-they wanted to keep the ideas of congress vienna in check
-first meeting (1818): put france in the quintuple alliance
-second meeting (1820): italy and spain had revolts against BOURBON MONARCHIES and they wanted to crush them
-third meeting (1821): they took action in italy WITHOUT BRITAIN
-fourth meeting (1822): they allowed france to go to spain and they decided this WITHOUT BRITAIN
-it broke down when britain didn’t agree with metternich’s principle of intervention
it was the first try “in collective security”
Principle of Intervention
- if there is a revolution or disrupt in another country, the alliance will make sure the countries who have left come back WITH A CONSERVATIVE GOVERNMENT
- this idea was formed because metternich didn’t want italy to take control of austrian peninsula
Britain’s view of principle of intervention
they believed the congress’s original idea was to restore the old order INSTEAD OF INTERFERING WITH THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF OTHER STATES
The revolts in Latin America
-the people in latin america ESPECIALLY MERCHANTS didn’t like the spanish and portuguese control of them
-then spain was weakened by the napoleonic wars and the revolts against the bourbon monarchy and allowed the latin americans to revolt
-during the revolution, bolivar and san martin met in peru and san martin left (don’t know why) then bolivar finished the job at his last battle (1824)
-CENTRAL AMERICA also becomes independent (1823) and divides into 5 republics
brazil (WHICH IS CONTROLLED BY PORTUGAL) also becomes independent (1822)
-at the end of the revolution, the latin american economy is STILL controlled by foreigners, but now it is britain instead of spain and portugal
Bolivar
- he wanted to liberate latin america from spain control
- he started in venezuela (1821 is when he defeated them) and went southwest to liberate more countries (1821)
San Martin
- after argentina was liberated, he wanted to liberate ALL of latin america of spanish control so they COULD BE FREE (this was their motivation)
- so he went to chile (across andes) (1817) then to peru where he met bolivar (1821)
Britain and the Latin American Revolution
- they didn’t want european powers coming to latin america because if they come, the spanish will regain the colonies (THINK ABOUT IT!) (the european powers wanted their troops to come there after being successful with spanish and italian revolutions)
- they then asked america to help them
- america, wanting to act alone, puts in monroe doctrine (1823) which allows independence and PREVENTS EUROPEAN POWERS TO COME TO AMERICA
- but britain keeps the european powers out AND still comes into latin american economy by having raw materials from latin america come to europe (feedings industrializing europe) and finished products come into latin america.
The Greek revolt
- the greeks revolted against the ottomans WITH THE HELP OF EUROPEAN POWERS (1821) and helped them become independent (1830)
- this is important because the european powers helped and this spread of the conservative idea (because it was christian, it put in a monarchy, it balanced out the ottoman empire influence)
Treaty of Adrianople
- allowed russia to protect some provinces
- allowed russia, france, and britain decide the fate the greece
Britain from 1815-1830
- the landowning people are controlling most of the government, showing inequality
- the tory and wigs
- there is economic difficulties, then the Corn laws which a massacre (peterloo massacre) because people got mad at the corn laws which caused them to work harder
- then the government got EVEN MORE REPRESSIVE AND MEAN (until 1830 when they agree to do electoral reforms)
