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Microbiology > 5.46 Part A > Flashcards

5.46 Part A Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
Fungi
characteristics (3)
A

Eukaryotes
Spore-forming
No chlorophyll

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2
Q

Most fungi are —

A

aerobic

some facultative and strict anaerobes

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3
Q

Cell walls usually contain —

A

chitin

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4
Q

chitin

A

polysaccharide containing N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)

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5
Q

Two growth forms

A
  1. filamentous (molds)

2. unicellular (yeasts)

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6
Q
  1. filamentous (molds)

4

A 
threadlike filaments =hyphae
mycelium = mass of hyphae
septate vs. coenocytic hyphae
(with and without crosswalls)
grow by extension of tip and branching
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7
Q
  1. unicellular (yeasts)

3

A

single cells (ovoid or spherical)
reproduce asexually by cell division (budding)
sexually by cell fusion and spore formation

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8
Q

Reproduction

1. asexual (2)

A

a. cell division

b. spore formation

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9
Q

cell division (2)

A

budding or transverse division

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10
Q

Reproduction

2. sexual

A

involves production of “sexual spores” by meiosis of a diploid cell

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11
Q

Anamorph:

A

form producing asexual spores,

often mold-like growth form

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12
Q

Teleomorph:

A

form producing sexual spores,

typically a fruiting body

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13
Q

dimorphism -

A

ability to grow as yeast form or mold form

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14
Q

many pathogenic fungi are

A

dimorphic

yeast form more typical at human body temperature
Candida is exception to this
both forms of Candida exist inside and outside the body

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15
Q

Candida actually forms (2)

A

pseudohyphae and pseudomycelia

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16
Q

pseudohyphae -

A

hyphal growth is a modified budding where newly

budded cells remain attached to mother cell

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17
Q

some pathogenic fungi are not dimorphic
Aspergillus -
Cryptococcus neoformans -

A

mold from only

yeast form only

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18
Q

Mycoses -

A

fungal infections
Classified by affected area of body

Superficial
Cutaneous
Subcutaneous
Systemic

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19
Q

Primary mechanisms for fighting fungi:

2

A

Neutrophil phagocytosis and killing

T cell-mediated immunity

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20
Q

Superficial mycoses (3)

A

keratinized outer layers of skin, hair, and nails
Mild infections/minimal inflammatory response
Easy to treat or clears without treatment

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21
Q

Piedras (2)

A

infections of hair shaft
Trichosporon beigelii
white piedra

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22
Q

Tineas (3)

A

infections involving outer layers
of skin, nails, and hair
Malassezia furfur (skin)
Pityriasis versicolor

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23
Q

most occur in —

A

tropics

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24
Q

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor (2)

A

Disease found worldwide
Pigmented macules - not elevated
but altered color

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25
Q

Malassezia furfur

characteristics (2)

A

M. furfur not found in the environment

Human-to-human transmission

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26
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

A

keratinized outer layers of skin, hair, and nails

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27
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

Skin infections:

A

no invasion beyond stratum corneum (outermost layer of epidermis)
BUT a more apparent host response is elicited (unlike superficial mycoses)

28
Q

“Dermaphytes” (4)

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Keratinophilic and keratinolytic

29
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

Cause

A

tineas (”ringworm”)

30
Q

Tinea pedis =

A

athlete’s foot

31
Q

Tinea cruris =

A

jock itch

32
Q

tineas

Characterized by

A

inflammation

ring of inflammatory scaling

33
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

transmission

A

Person-to person transmission
Some are soil organisms
Others are zoonoses

34
Q

Cutaneous mycoses

Diagnosis by

A

microscopy of samples

35
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses

3

A

dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Do not respond well to antifungal chemotherapy
Need to excise

36
Q

Subcutaneous mycoses
Sporotrichosis
(3)

A

Sporothrix schenkii
Thorns and splinters
Responds to oral potassium iodide

37
Q

Systemic mycoses:

A

invade internal organs

38
Q

Systemic mycoses:

caused by

A

endemic dimorphic fungal pathogens

39
Q

saprobe -

A

organism living on dead or decaying matter

40
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

A

Histoplasmosis

41
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis

A

Blastomycosis

42
Q

Coccidioides immitis

A

Coccidioidomycosis

43
Q

Spherule

A

(100s of endospores)

44
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

2

A

Bird or bat droppings (high nitrogen content)

Acquire fungus by inhalation of conidia

45
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Organism remains viable within

A

macrophages

46
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

modulate pH of

A

phagolysosome

47
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum
Antibody plays no role in —
(2) are important for
immunity

A

resolution

Cell-mediated immune system of CD4 T lymphocytes
and activated macrophages

48
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Primary infections most often —

A

asymptomatic

49
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

Granulomas develop in lung with

A

caseous necrosis
(plus calcification)
reactivation infection can occur years later

50
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum

tx

A

3-12 months of antifungal agent

51
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis
Found in —
Acquire fungus by —

A 
decaying matter (e.g leave litter)
inhalation of conidia
52
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis
(2)
are important for immunity

A

Cell-mediated immune system of CD4 T

lymphocytes and activated macrophages

53
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis
Primary infections symptomatic in <–% of
patients

A

50

54
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis

Granulomas develop with

A

caseous necrosis
(plus calcification)
reactivation infection can occur years later

55
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis

— lesions are a hallmark of disease

A

Cutaneous

heaped up borders and small, central
microabscesses

56
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis

Diagnosis

A 
histopathological examination (thick-walled
yeasts with single broad-based bud)
57
Q

Blastomyces dermatiditis

tx

A

6-12 months of antifungal agent

58
Q

Coccidioides immitis

characterizations (2)

A

Southwestern USA = lower Sonoran life zone

Huge “blooms”

59
Q

Coccidioides immitis
— is primary target but the fungus spreads through
the — and infects many organs

A

Lung

circulatory system

60
Q

Coccidioides immitis

symptoms

A

Usually no symptoms

- cell-mediated immunity

61
Q

Coccidioides immitis
Sometimes
(3)

A

acute pulmonary infection
arthralgias and skin lesions
Disseminated coccidioidomycosis

62
Q

arthralgias and skin lesions

A

“desert rheumatism” or “valley fever”

63
Q

Disseminated coccidioidomycosis

A

chronic meningitis -fatal if not treated (lifelong)

64
Q

Coccidioides immitis

histopathology -

A

presence of spherules

65
Q

Coccidioides immitis

tx

A

12-24 months

Microbiology (42 decks)

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