2.1

Question 1

Immunity:

Answer 1

resistance to infectious disease

Question 2

Immune system:

Answer 2

collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections

Question 3

Immune response:

Answer 3

coordinated reaction of the immune system to infectious microbes

Question 4

Immunology:

Answer 4

study of the immune system, including its responses to microbial pathogens and
damaged tissues and its role in disease

Question 5

role of the immune system (4)

Answer 5

defense against infections
defense against tumors
the immune system can injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation
the immune system recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins

Question 6

defense against infections

Answer 6

deficient immunity results in increased susceptibility to infections; exemplified by AIDS

vaccination boosts immune defenses and protects against infections

Question 7

defense against tumors

Answer 7

potential for immunotherapy of cancer

Question 8

the immune system can injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation

Answer 8

immune responses are the cause of allergic autoimmune, and other inflammatory diseases

Question 9

the immune system recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins

Answer 9

immune responses are barriers to transplantation and gene therapy

Question 10

Innate Immune Response.

- — barriers

Answer 10

Epithelial

Question 11

Innate Immune Response.

- Phagocytes and Sentinel cells. (3)

Answer 11

..Neutrophils
..Monocytes / Macrophages
..Dendritic cells

Question 12

Innate Immune Response.

complement?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

Innate Immune Response.
cell type (2)

Answer 13

-NK

IFN a/b (type 1 interferons)

Question 14

Innate Immune Response.

time frame

Answer 14

acts immediately or within hours

Question 15

Innate Immune Response.

antigen specific?

Answer 15

Is not antigen specific.
Instead, recognizes “Pathogenassociated molecular patterns” (PAMPs)
that are shared by many different
microbes, and Damage-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs).

Question 16

Innate Immune Response.
Genes encoding receptors that recognize
--- are present in the germ line.
They do not undergo somatic
recombination or hyper mutation

Answer 16

PAMPs

Question 17

Innate Immune Response.
clonal expansion of cells of innate
immune system in response to infection?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

Innate Immune Response.

self?

Answer 18

nonreactive

Question 19

Innate Immune Response.

memory?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

Adaptive Immune Response.

responses (2)

Answer 20

humoral response

cell mediated response

Question 21

Humoral response (1)

Answer 21

..Antibodies produced by B cells

Question 22

Cell-mediated response (2)

Answer 22

..Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)

..Helper T cells

Question 23

Adaptive Immune Response.

time frame?

Answer 23

days/weeks before it is effective

Question 24

Adaptive Immune Response.

antigen specific?

Answer 24

Is highly antigen-specific.
Recognizes specific epitopes on
specific proteins of specific pathogens.

Question 25

``` Adaptive Immune Response. Functional genes encoding antigen receptors are not present in the germ line. Instead, ```

Answer 25

functional antigen receptor genes are generated by somatic recombination and mutation of germ line genes during maturation of B cells and T cells (prior to exposure to any antigens)

Question 26

Adaptive Immune Response. | colonal selection?

Answer 26

Clonal selection and proliferation of B and T lymphocytes specific for particular antigens following exposure to those antigens.

Question 27

Adaptive Immune Response. | self?

Answer 27

nonreactive

Question 28

Adaptive Immune Response. | memory?

Answer 28

- Gives rise to immunologic “memory.”

Question 29

specificity

Answer 29

ensures that distinct antigens elict specific responses

Question 30

diversity

Answer 30

enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens

Question 31

memory

Answer 31

leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens

Question 32

clonal expansion

Answer 32

increases number of antigen specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes

Question 33

specialization

Answer 33

generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

Question 34

contraction and homeostasis

Answer 34

allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens

Question 35

nonreactivity to self

Answer 35

prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens

Question 36

specific recognition of antigens | b lymphocytes

Answer 36

mediators of humoral immunity

Question 37

specific recognition of antigens | t lymphocytes

Answer 37

mediators of cell mediated immunity

Question 38

capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes | dendritic cells

Answer 38

initiation of t cell responses

Question 39

capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes | macrophages

Answer 39

effector phase of cell mediated immunity

Question 40

capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes | follicular dendritic cells

Answer 40

display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune responses

Question 41

elimination of antigens | t lymphocytes

Answer 41

activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells

Question 42

elimination of antigens | macrophages

Answer 42

phagocytosis and killing microbes

Question 43

elimination of antigens | granulocytes

Answer 43

killing microbes

Question 44

After lymphocytes activated by antigen, B & T cells migrate towards each other & meet at edge of follicle. There,

Answer 44

helper T cells interact with and help B cells differentiate into antibody producing cells.

Question 45

overview | Early innate immune response (3)

Answer 45

Innate defensive mechanisms to keep out microbes If defensive barriers are crossed inflammation antiviral mechanisms

Question 46

Adaptive immune response (secreted (4))

Answer 46

antibodies, phagocytes & helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells