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Microbiology > 2.1 > Flashcards

2.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Immunity:

A

resistance to infectious disease

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2
Q

Immune system:

A

collection of cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate resistance to infections

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3
Q

Immune response:

A

coordinated reaction of the immune system to infectious microbes

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4
Q

Immunology:

A

study of the immune system, including its responses to microbial pathogens and
damaged tissues and its role in disease

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5
Q

role of the immune system (4)

A

defense against infections
defense against tumors
the immune system can injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation
the immune system recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins

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6
Q

defense against infections

A

deficient immunity results in increased susceptibility to infections; exemplified by AIDS

vaccination boosts immune defenses and protects against infections

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7
Q

defense against tumors

A

potential for immunotherapy of cancer

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8
Q

the immune system can injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation

A

immune responses are the cause of allergic autoimmune, and other inflammatory diseases

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9
Q

the immune system recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and newly introduced proteins

A

immune responses are barriers to transplantation and gene therapy

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10
Q

Innate Immune Response.

- — barriers

A

Epithelial

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11
Q

Innate Immune Response.

- Phagocytes and Sentinel cells. (3)

A

..Neutrophils
..Monocytes / Macrophages
..Dendritic cells

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12
Q

Innate Immune Response.

complement?

A

yes

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13
Q 
Innate Immune Response.
cell type (2)
A

-NK

IFN a/b (type 1 interferons)

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14
Q

Innate Immune Response.

time frame

A

acts immediately or within hours

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15
Q

Innate Immune Response.

antigen specific?

A 
Is not antigen specific.
Instead, recognizes “Pathogenassociated molecular patterns” (PAMPs)
that are shared by many different
microbes, and Damage-associated
molecular patterns (DAMPs).
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16
Q 
Innate Immune Response.
Genes encoding receptors that recognize
--- are present in the germ line.
They do not undergo somatic
recombination or hyper mutation
A

PAMPs

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17
Q

Innate Immune Response.
clonal expansion of cells of innate
immune system in response to infection?

A

No

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18
Q

Innate Immune Response.

self?

A

nonreactive

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19
Q

Innate Immune Response.

memory?

A

no

20
Q

Adaptive Immune Response.

responses (2)

A

humoral response

cell mediated response

21
Q

Humoral response (1)

A

..Antibodies produced by B cells

22
Q

Cell-mediated response (2)

A

..Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)

..Helper T cells

23
Q

Adaptive Immune Response.

time frame?

A

days/weeks before it is effective

24
Q

Adaptive Immune Response.

antigen specific?

A

Is highly antigen-specific.
Recognizes specific epitopes on
specific proteins of specific pathogens.

25
Q 
Adaptive Immune Response.
Functional genes encoding antigen
receptors are not present in the germ
line.
Instead,
A

functional antigen receptor genes are
generated by somatic recombination and
mutation of germ line genes during maturation
of B cells and T cells (prior to exposure to any
antigens)

26
Q

Adaptive Immune Response.

colonal selection?

A

Clonal selection and proliferation of B
and T lymphocytes specific for particular
antigens following exposure to those
antigens.

27
Q

Adaptive Immune Response.

self?

A

nonreactive

28
Q

Adaptive Immune Response.

memory?

A
  • Gives rise to immunologic “memory.”
29
Q

specificity

A

ensures that distinct antigens elict specific responses

30
Q

diversity

A

enables immune system to respond to a large variety of antigens

31
Q

memory

A

leads to enhanced responses to repeated exposures to the same antigens

32
Q

clonal expansion

A

increases number of antigen specific lymphocytes from a small number of naive lymphocytes

33
Q

specialization

A

generates responses that are optimal for defense against different types of microbes

34
Q

contraction and homeostasis

A

allows immune system to respond to newly encountered antigens

35
Q

nonreactivity to self

A

prevents injury to the host during responses to foreign antigens

36
Q

specific recognition of antigens

b lymphocytes

A

mediators of humoral immunity

37
Q

specific recognition of antigens

t lymphocytes

A

mediators of cell mediated immunity

38
Q

capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes

dendritic cells

A

initiation of t cell responses

39
Q

capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes

macrophages

A

effector phase of cell mediated immunity

40
Q

capture of antigens for display to lymphocytes

follicular dendritic cells

A

display of antigens to B lymphocytes in humoral immune responses

41
Q

elimination of antigens

t lymphocytes

A

activation of phagocytes, killing infected cells

42
Q

elimination of antigens

macrophages

A

phagocytosis and killing microbes

43
Q

elimination of antigens

granulocytes

A

killing microbes

44
Q

After lymphocytes activated by antigen, B & T cells migrate towards each other & meet at edge of follicle.
There,

A

helper T cells interact with and help B cells differentiate into antibody producing cells.

45
Q

overview

Early innate immune response (3)

A

Innate defensive mechanisms to keep out microbes
If defensive barriers are crossed
inflammation
antiviral mechanisms

46
Q

Adaptive immune response (secreted (4))

A

antibodies, phagocytes & helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells

Microbiology (42 decks)

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