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Microbiology > 2.3 > Flashcards

2.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Binding of an protein antigen by an antibody. This
model of a protein antigen bound to an antibody molecule shows
how the antigen-binding site can accommodate

A

soluble

macromolecules in their native (folded) conformation.

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2
Q

Antibodies can also recognize (3)

A

lipids, nucleic acids,

and other types of molecules

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3
Q

Small molecules like — are

antigenic for antibody recognition

A

digoxigenin

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4
Q

dendritic cell response after antigen presentation

A

naive T cell activation: clonal expansion and differentiation into effector T cells

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5
Q

macrophage response after antigen presentation

A

effector T cell activation: activation of macrophages (cell-mediated immunity)

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6
Q

B cell response after antigen presentation

A

effector T cell activation: B cell activation and antibody production (humoral immunity)

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7
Q

infected cell with microbes in cytoplasm:

A

killing of infected cells

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8
Q

Role of Dendritic cells in antigen capture and presentation (2)

A

lymph node collects antigen from tissue

blood-borne antigens are captured by antigen presenting cells in the spleen

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9
Q

feature: surface markers
classical dendritic cells: (2)
plasmacytoid dendritic cells: (3)

A

CD11c high
CD11b high

CD11c low
CD11b negative
B220 high

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10
Q

feature: major location
classical dendritic cells:
plasmacytoid dendritic cells:

A

tissues

blood and tissues

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11
Q

feature: expression of toll-like receptors
classical dendritic cells: (3)
plasmacytoid dendritic cells: (2)

A

TLRs 4, 5, 8 high

TLRs 7, 9 high

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12
Q

feature: major cytokines produced
classical dendritic cells: (3)
plasmacytoid dendritic cells: (1)

A

TNF, IL6, IL12

type 1 interferons

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13
Q

feature: postulated major functions
classical dendritic cells:
plasmacytoid dendritic cells:

A

introduction of T cell responses against most antigens

antiviral innate immunity and induction of T cell responses against viruses

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14
Q

cell type: dendritic cells
expression of Class2 MHC:
ecpression of costimulators:
principal function:

A

constitutive, increases with maturation, increased by INFgamma

constitutive, increases with maturation, increased by TLR ligands, INFgamma, and T cells (CD40-CD40L interactions)

antigen presentation to naive T cells in the initiation of T cell responses to protein antigens (priming)

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15
Q

naive T cell activation:

A

clonal expansion and differentiation into effector T cells

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16
Q

Costimulators are important for antigen

presentation to by

A

dendritic cells

activate naïve T cells.

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17
Q

Macrophages and B lymphocytes are also important —-

A

APCs

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18
Q 
class 1 MHC 
Polymorphic	regions:	 (2)
A

a1 and a2

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19
Q 
class 1 MHC:
Peptide-binding	cleft	for	
peptides	---	aa	long
A

8-9

20
Q 
class 1 MHC:
---	binds	CD8	T	cell	co-receptor
A

a3

21
Q 
---- T cells can only respond to antigen presented
by MHC class I molecules
A

CD8+

22
Q 
class 2 MHC
Polymorphic	regions:	 (2)
A

a1 and b1

23
Q

class 2 MHC

A
24
Q

class 2 MHC:
(2) binds CD4 T cell
co-receptor

A

a2 and b2

25
Q 
class 2 MHC:
Peptide-binding	cleft	for	
peptides	---	aa	long
A

10-30

26
Q 
--- T cells can only respond to antigen presented
by MHC class II molecules
A

CD4+

27
Q

Class I and class II MHC genes are the most — genes in the genome.

A

polymorphic

28
Q 
The total number of HLA alleles in the human population is estimated to be about
--- class I alleles and --- class II alleles.
A

10,000

3,000

29
Q

— expression of alleles inherited from parents

A

Codominant

30
Q

feature: polymorphic genes: many different alleles are present in the population
significance:

A

different individuals are able to present and respond to different microbial peptides

10,000 class 1 alleles 
3,000 class 2 alleles
31
Q

feature: codominant expression: both parental alleles of each MHC gene are expressed
significance:

A

increases number of different MHC molecules that can present peptides to T cells

32
Q 
feature: MHC expressing cell types: class 2 (dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells)
significance:
A

CD4+ helper T lymphocytes interact with dendritic cells, B lymphocytes

33
Q 
feature: MHC expressing cell types: class 1 (all nucleated cells)
significance:
A

CD8+ CTLs can kill any type of virus infected cell

34
Q

feature: broad specificity
significance:

A

many different peptides can bind to the same MHC molecule

35
Q

feature: each MHC molecule displays one peptide at a time
significance:

A

each T cell responds to a single peptide bound to an MHC molecule

36
Q

feature: MHC molecules bind only peptides
significance:

A

MHC restricted T cells respond mainly to protein antigens

37
Q

feature: peptides are acquired during intracellular assembly
significance:

A

class 1 and class 2 MHC molecules display peptides from different cellular compartments

38
Q

feature: style surface expression of MHC molecule requires bound peptide
significance:

A

only peptide loaded mhc molecules are expressed on the cell surface for recognition by T cells

39
Q

feature: very slow off rate
significance:

A

mhc molecule displays bound peptide for long enough to be located by t cell

40
Q

CD8+ Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) recognize

A 
endogenous (cytosolic) antigen presented
by MHC class I molecules on an infected cell
41
Q

Class I MHC pathway of processing of cytosolic antigens (5 steps)

A

production of proteins in the cytosol
proteolytic degradation of proteins
transport of peptides from cytosol to ER
assembly of peptide class 1 complexes in ER
surface expression of peptide class 1 complexes

42
Q

CD4+ Helper T cells recognize

A 
exogenous antigen presented by MHC class II molecules
on a professional antigen presenting cell (APC)
43
Q

Class II MHC pathway of processing internalized vesicular antigens (5 steps)

A 
uptake of extracellular proteins into vesicular compartments of APC
processing of internalized proteins in endosomal/ lysosomal vesicles
biosynthesis and transport of class 2 mhc molecules to endosomes 
association of processed peptides with class 2 MHC molecules in vesicles 
expression of peptide mhc complexes on cell surfaces
44
Q

Class I MHC-restricted cross-presentation of microbial antigens from
infected cells by dendritic cells (3)

A

antigen capture
cross presentation
T cell response

45
Q

T cell dependent effector functions (3)

A

macrophage activation: killing of phagocytosed microbe
b cell antibody secretion: antibody binding to antigen
killing of antigen expressing target cell

Microbiology (42 decks)

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