5.4 study guide

Question 1

digestive system order

Answer 1

1. mouth
2. esophagus
3. stomach
4. small intestine
5. liver
6. large intestine

Question 2

mouth

Answer 2

Teeth chew the food into smaller pieces (mechanical digestion)

Saliva mixes with the food and breaks it down with enzymes (chem digestion)

Question 3

Esophagus

Answer 3

brings food to the next part of the digestive system (mechanical)

Question 4

Stomach

Answer 4

continues to break down food, cells lining the stomach produce acid, mucus, and enzymes that help digest food (chemical)
stomach muscles squeeze the food and mix it with substances above (mechanical)

Question 5

small intestine

Answer 5

Where most chemical digestion takes place. Enzymes and other substances help break down large food molecules into smaller ones able to be absorbed into the blood stream.

carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides.
fats are broken down into fatty acids.
proteins are broken down into amino acids.

Question 6

Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

Answer 6

the pancreas and and liver produce substances such as enzymes, bile, and buffers that help break down food in the small intestine.

Question 7

large intestine

Answer 7

Food molecules that are not fully broken down, such as fiber, move from the small intestine into the large intestine. Some of these undigested food molecules are eaten by commensal bacteria. Other undigested food molecules mix with other substances to form feces.

Question 8

mechanical vs. chemical digestion

Answer 8

Mechanical digestion occurs when food is physically broken down through chewing, churning, and mixing. Chemical digestion occurs when food is broken down through chemical reactions

Question 9

organ that receives food vs an accessory organ

Answer 9

So-called “accessory” organs include the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder; food doesn’t move through these organs, but they secrete hormones and chemicals that are essential to digestion.

Question 10

functions of amylase vs. lipase vs. protease

Answer 10

Amylase (made in the mouth and pancreas; breaks down complex carbohydrates) Lipase (made in the pancreas; breaks down fats) Protease (made in the pancreas; breaks down proteins)