54 - diabetes Flashcards
normal blood glucose level
5mmol/l
hyperglycaemia when
> 11mmol/l
Diabetes - symptoms
thirst, polyuria, weight loss, tiredness
signs: dry mouth, weight loss, glycosuria, hyperglycaemia
Diabetes - who?
ethnic groups - asians, afro-caribbeans
Diabetes - diagnosis
Fasting blood glucose >7mmol/l
75g OGTT
HbA1c 48 mmol/mol (6.5%)
GTT stands for… OGTT…. IVGTT…
Glucose tolerance test
Oral GTT
IV GTT
GTT process
Fasting
then 75 glucose load
Fasting 7mmol/l
2 hour post-glucose load: diabetic >11mmol/l
Borderline diabetes
6-7mmol/l at fasting
Impaired glucose tolerance = 7.8 - 11.0mmol/l
Diabetes - investigations
HbA1c Renal function Liver function Lipids Thyroid function
Type One Diabetes - what is it?
Autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing islet beta cells
Type One Diabetes - who?
Usually young but can be any age
Autoantibody test: ICA, IA2, GAD
LADA - stands for
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
LADA - who?
older patients, often female
FH of: T1DM, thyroid, PA, addison’s, coeliac, vitiligo
T2DM who progresses out of control
LADA - autoantibodies
GAD, ICA, tTG, TPO
Type 2 Diabetes - what is it
insulin resistance/deficient