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Clinical Pathology > 17 - URTI > Flashcards

17 - URTI Flashcards

1
Q

Normal flora of URT

A

Strep. viridans
Neisseria spp
Diptheroids
Anaerobes

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2
Q

Resp. pathogens carried asymptomatically

A 
Strep. pneumoniae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Haemophilus influenzae
Strep. pyogenes
Neisseria miningitidis
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3
Q

Transient colonisation post antibiotics for URT

A

coliforms, pseudomonas, candida

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4
Q

Rhino-sinusitis - causative agents

A 
Strep. pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Strep. milleri
Anaerobes
Fungal
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5
Q

Complications of chronic sinusitis

A

Osteomyelitis
Meningitis
Cerebral abscess

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6
Q

Viral causes of pharyngitis/tonsilitis

A

RSV, influenza, adeno, EBV, HSV1

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7
Q

Bacterial causes of pharyngitis/tonsillitis

A

Strep. pyogenes

Rarely - neisseria gonorrhoeaem, corynebacterium diphtheriae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophilia pneumoniae

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8
Q

Complications of group A strep pharyngitis/tonsillitis

A

Acute glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever / scarlet fever.

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9
Q

Epiglottitis - what is it?

A

Medical emergency

Cellulitis of epiglottis causing airway obstruction

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10
Q

Epiglottitis - who?

A

child (2-4yrs)

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11
Q

Epiglottitis - clinical presentation

A 
fever
irritable
difficulty speaking and swallowing
leans forward
drools
stridor
hoarse
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12
Q

Epiglottitis - investigations

A

must send blood cultures - DO NOT SWAB unless intubated

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13
Q

Epiglottitis - treatment

A

maintain airway & cefotaxime

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14
Q

Acute laryngitis - clinical presentation

A 
hoarse/husky voice
globus pharyngeus
fever
myalgia
dysphagia
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15
Q

Whooping cough - causative agent

A

Bordella pertussis

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16
Q

Whooping cough - clinical presentation

A

1-3wks incubation

runny nose, fever, malaise but up to week later: dry non-productive cough which becomes whooping / paroxysms

17
Q

Whooping cough - treatment

A

supportive and erythromycin

18
Q

Whooping cough - complications

A

otitis media, pneumonia
convulsions
subconjunctival haemorrhages

immunisation very important

tell CCDC

19
Q

Otitis externa -

A

infection of external auditory canal

20
Q

Otitis externa - clinical presentation

A

skin/soft tissue infection

pain, itch, swelling and erythema, otorrhoea

21
Q

Otitis externa - types

A

acute
chronic
malignant

22
Q

Otitis externa - acute - causative organisms

A

S.aureus (is pustular)

Pseudomonas spp. (swimming)

23
Q

Otitis externa - treatment

A

saline and/or -OH and acetic acid

Wick insertion
Topical drops (w/ antibiotics/fungals/steroids
24
Q

Otitis externa - chronic - what is it

A

irritation from drainage from perforated tympanic membrane

25
Q

Otitis externa - chronic - clinical presentation and treatment

A

itchy

avoid aminoglycosides if perforated as resistance may form

26
Q

Otitis externa - malignant

A

Severe, necrotising

Spreads locally -> deeply

May invade bone, cartilage and blood vessels

27
Q

Otitis externa - complications

A

spread to temporal bone, base of skull, meninges and brain

28
Q

Otitis externa - clinical presentation

A

Pain, drainage of pus from canal

29
Q

Otitis externa - who?

A

Elderly, diabetics, immunosuppressed

30
Q

Otitis externa - treatment

A

4-6 weeks altogether e.g. IV ceftazidime then ciprofloxacin po

31
Q

Otitis media - who?

A

children

32
Q

Otitis media - clinical presentation

A

fever, pain, impaired hearing

red bulging tympanic membrane

33
Q

Otitis media - causative agents

A

viral - H.influenzae
S. pneumoniae
M. catarrhalis

34
Q

Otitis media - treatment

A

watch and treat symptomatically

amoxicillin if unwell

35
Q

Mastoiditis - what is it

A

inflammation of the mastoid air cells after middle ear infection
pus collects in cells and may proceed to necrosis of bone

36
Q

Mastoiditis - clinical presentation

A

same as acute otitis media

Pain, swelling over mastoid

37
Q

Mastoiditis - investigations

A

bacteriology

imaging - CT

38
Q

Mastoiditis - treatment

A

treat like acute otitis media unless gram -ve suspected then use broader spectrum

co-amoxiclav is 1st line treatment (amoxicillin-clavulanate)

39
Q

Other infections of URT

A

Vincent’s angina

Deep fascial space infections

Clinical Pathology (65 decks)

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