5.3 Internation migration

Question 1

Describe voluntary and forced migration

Answer 1

• Voluntary migration is when the individual or household has a free choice about whether to move or not
• Forced migration occurs when they have little or no choice but to move

Question 2

Why might a migrant be forced to move

Answer 2

• Conflict
• Persecution
• Famine
• Environmental disasters

Question 3

Examples of forced migration

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Answer 3

• 75% of refugees are hosted in countries sharing borders with the country of origin. Most refugees are in the Middle East and North Africa, usually due to internal armed conflicts
• Specific example is Syra in 2015 and Venezuela
• Most host countries are UK, Germany, Sweden, France, USA, Italy and Australia

Question 4

Give some examples of economic migration

Answer 4

• Economic migrats from the former ‘empire’ (e.g. Caribbean, India, Pakistan) and more recently from the EU (e.g. Poland) have been attracted by the UK economy since WW2
• They normally locating themselves in cities for employment

Question 5

What percentage of londoners were born abroad

Answer 5

36%

Question 6

Explain why London receives a large number of both skilled and low-wage workers

Answer 6

• London’s labour market: high-paid professionals (for example in areas like banking) and for a large number of low-wage workers in service employment (for instance to cater or clean the headquarters of finance companies), as finance has
  replaced industry in London’s globalised economy
• At the top end of the scale, London has a strong high skilled sector, which is key to its competitive advantage in the world economy.

Question 7

Explain how the pandemic has had an impact on economic international migration

Answer 7

• Working from home was more attractive - people moved out of london
• Fewer graduates moving to London, fewer job opportunities
  in the capital and lower international migration to the city
• However it has bounced back

Question 8

Why do international migrants want to move to London

Answer 8

• London is by far the most productive part of the UK, with particular strengths in high value, internationally traded services
• There is hardly a business or public service in London which doesn’t depend on immigrant workers — from supermarkets and sandwich shops to law firms, tech start-ups and research institutes