5.3 digestion - stomach, small and large intestine Flashcards
chyme
semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breaths (9-10 inches) in length
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
gastrin
hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility
hydrochloric acid (HCl)
the acid of gastric juice
intrinsic factor
substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12
malabsorption
to bring in inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients
mucus
sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes
mucous
relating to mucus or the mucosa
mucin
protein element of mucus
pepsin
enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein
pepsinogen
enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin
pylorus
exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum
pyloric
pertaining to the pylorus
duodenum
the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length
ileum
third position of the small intestine
ileocecal
pertaining to the junction of the ileum and cecum (the first part of the large intestine)
jejenum
segment of small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed
jejunal
pertaining to the jejunum
mesentary
a double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera
mesenteric
pertaining to the mesentary
mucosa
lining of a tubular structure
mucosal
pertaining to the mucosa
submucosa
tissue layer underneath the mucosa