5.3 digestion - stomach, small and large intestine Flashcards

1
Q

chyme

A

semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum

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2
Q

duodenum

A

the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breaths (9-10 inches) in length

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3
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

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4
Q

gastrin

A

hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility

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5
Q

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

A

the acid of gastric juice

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6
Q

intrinsic factor

A

substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12

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7
Q

malabsorption

A

to bring in inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients

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8
Q

mucus

A

sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes

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9
Q

mucous

A

relating to mucus or the mucosa

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10
Q

mucin

A

protein element of mucus

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11
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein

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12
Q

pepsinogen

A

enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin

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13
Q

pylorus

A

exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum

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14
Q

pyloric

A

pertaining to the pylorus

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15
Q

duodenum

A

the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length

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16
Q

ileum

A

third position of the small intestine

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17
Q

ileocecal

A

pertaining to the junction of the ileum and cecum (the first part of the large intestine)

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18
Q

jejenum

A

segment of small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed

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19
Q

jejunal

A

pertaining to the jejunum

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20
Q

mesentary

A

a double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera

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21
Q

mesenteric

A

pertaining to the mesentary

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22
Q

mucosa

A

lining of a tubular structure

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23
Q

mucosal

A

pertaining to the mucosa

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24
Q

submucosa

A

tissue layer underneath the mucosa

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25
muscularis
the muscular layer of a hollow organ or tube
26
omentum
membrane that drapes over the intestines
27
omental
pertaining to the omentum
28
parietal
pertaining to the wall of an organ or a body cavity
29
peritoneum
membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
30
peritoneal
pertaining to the peritoneum
31
plica
fold in a mucous membrane
32
serosa
outermost covering of the alimentary tract
33
serosal
pertaining to the serosa
34
villus
thin, harlike projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity
35
viscus
hollow, walled, interna organ
36
viscera
internal organs, particularly in the abdomen
37
carbohydrate
group of organic food compounds that includes sugars, starch, glyogen, and cellulose
38
amino acid
the basic building block of protein
39
chyle
a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine
40
lacteal
a lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine
41
lipid
general term for all types of fatty compounds; for example, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids
42
mineral
inorganic compound usually found in earth's crust
43
protein
class of food substances based on amino acids
44
anus
terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged
45
anal
pertaining to the anus
46
appendix
small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum
47
vermiform
worm shaped; used as a descriptor for the appendix
48
cecum
blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine
49
colon
the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum
50
colic
spasmodic, crampy pains, in the abdomen
51
feces
undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel
52
fecal
pertaining to the feces
53
defecation
evacuation of feces from the rectum and anus
54
defecate
process of defecation
55
flatus
gas or air expelled through the anus
56
flatulence
excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines
57
flexure
a bend in a strucutre
58
gastrocolic reflex
mass movement of feces in the colon and the desire to defecate caused by taking food into stomach
59
ileocecal sphincter
band of muscle that encircles the junction of ileum and cecum
60
perimeter
an edge or border
61
rectum
terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid to the anal canal
62
rectal
pertaining to the rectum
63
sigmoid
siigmoid colon shaped like an "s"