5.3 digestion - stomach, small and large intestine

Question 1

chyme

Answer 1

semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum

Question 2

duodenum

Answer 2

the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breaths (9-10 inches) in length

Question 3

duodenal

Answer 3

pertaining to the duodenum

Question 4

gastrin

Answer 4

hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulates secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility

Question 5

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Answer 5

the acid of gastric juice

Question 6

intrinsic factor

Answer 6

substance secreted by the stomach that is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12

Question 7

malabsorption

Answer 7

to bring in inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients

Question 8

mucus

Answer 8

sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes

Question 9

mucous

Answer 9

relating to mucus or the mucosa

Question 10

mucin

Answer 10

protein element of mucus

Question 11

pepsin

Answer 11

enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein

Question 12

pepsinogen

Answer 12

enzyme converted by HCl in stomach to pepsin

Question 13

pylorus

Answer 13

exit area of the stomach proximal to the duodenum

Question 14

pyloric

Answer 14

pertaining to the pylorus

Question 15

duodenum

Answer 15

the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9-10 inches) in length

Question 16

ileum

Answer 16

third position of the small intestine

Question 17

ileocecal

Answer 17

pertaining to the junction of the ileum and cecum (the first part of the large intestine)

Question 18

jejenum

Answer 18

segment of small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum where most of the nutrients are absorbed

Question 19

jejunal

Answer 19

pertaining to the jejunum

Question 20

mesentary

Answer 20

a double layer of peritoneum enclosing the abdominal viscera

Question 21

mesenteric

Answer 21

pertaining to the mesentary

Question 22

mucosa

Answer 22

lining of a tubular structure

Question 23

mucosal

Answer 23

pertaining to the mucosa

Question 24

submucosa

Answer 24

tissue layer underneath the mucosa

Question 25

muscularis

Answer 25

the muscular layer of a hollow organ or tube

Question 26

omentum

Answer 26

membrane that drapes over the intestines

Question 27

omental

Answer 27

pertaining to the omentum

Question 28

parietal

Answer 28

pertaining to the wall of an organ or a body cavity

Question 29

peritoneum

Answer 29

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 30

peritoneal

Answer 30

pertaining to the peritoneum

Question 31

plica

Answer 31

fold in a mucous membrane

Question 32

serosa

Answer 32

outermost covering of the alimentary tract

Question 33

serosal

Answer 33

pertaining to the serosa

Question 34

villus

Answer 34

thin, harlike projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity

Question 35

viscus

Answer 35

hollow, walled, interna organ

Question 36

viscera

Answer 36

internal organs, particularly in the abdomen

Question 37

carbohydrate

Answer 37

group of organic food compounds that includes sugars, starch, glyogen, and cellulose

Question 38

amino acid

Answer 38

the basic building block of protein

Question 39

chyle

Answer 39

a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

Question 40

lacteal

Answer 40

a lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine

Question 41

lipid

Answer 41

general term for all types of fatty compounds; for example, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fatty acids

Question 42

mineral

Answer 42

inorganic compound usually found in earth’s crust

Question 43

protein

Answer 43

class of food substances based on amino acids

Question 44

anus

Answer 44

terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged

Question 45

anal

Answer 45

pertaining to the anus

Question 46

appendix

Answer 46

small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

Question 47

vermiform

Answer 47

worm shaped; used as a descriptor for the appendix

Question 48

cecum

Answer 48

blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine

Question 49

colon

Answer 49

the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum

Question 50

colic

Answer 50

spasmodic, crampy pains, in the abdomen

Question 51

feces

Answer 51

undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel

Question 52

fecal

Answer 52

pertaining to the feces

Question 53

defecation

Answer 53

evacuation of feces from the rectum and anus

Question 54

defecate

Answer 54

process of defecation

Question 55

flatus

Answer 55

gas or air expelled through the anus

Question 56

flatulence

Answer 56

excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines

Question 57

flexure

Answer 57

a bend in a strucutre

Question 58

gastrocolic reflex

Answer 58

mass movement of feces in the colon and the desire to defecate caused by taking food into stomach

Question 59

ileocecal sphincter

Answer 59

band of muscle that encircles the junction of ileum and cecum

Question 60

perimeter

Answer 60

an edge or border

Question 61

rectum

Answer 61

terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid to the anal canal

Question 62

rectal

Answer 62

pertaining to the rectum

Question 63

sigmoid

Answer 63

siigmoid colon shaped like an “s”