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Jaspie - Pharmacology > 53 - Cancer chemotherapy > Flashcards

53 - Cancer chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Type of chemotherapy in which it is administered as the primary treatment

A

primary induction chemotherapy

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2
Q

Enumerate: S-phase drugs (6)

A
  • Cytarabine
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Etoposide
  • Methotrexate
  • 6-mecaptopurine
  • 6-thioguanine

CHEM-66

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3
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of Methotrexate:

A

leucovorin (folinic acid)

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4
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of doxorubicin

A

deXrazOXane (against cardiotoxicity of dOXOrubicin)

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5
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of cisplatin

A

amifostine (against nephrotoxicity)

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6
Q

What metabolite of cyclophosphamide causes hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

acrolein

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7
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of Cyclophosphamide

A

Mesna (binds to acrolein)

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8
Q

Forms DNA cross-links, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function, Cell-cycle nonspecific

A

Alkylating agents (TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

Enumerate: Alkylating agents

A
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cisplatin
  • Carboplatin, oxaliplatin
  • Procarbazine
  • Dacarbazine
  • Busulfan
  • Carmustine
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10
Q

SE: bone marrow suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatotoxicity, alopecia, SIADH, pulmonary toxicity

A

Cyclophosphamide (TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

Rescue therapy for cyclophosphamide

A

MESNA (TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

Rescue therapy for Cisplatin

A

Amifostine (TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

MOA: forms hydrogen peroxide, which generates free radicals that cause DNA scission (2)

A

Procarbazine and Dacarbazine

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14
Q

SE: pulmonary fibrosis, adrenal insufficiency, skin pigmentation

A

Busulfan (TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

Highly lipophilic allowing ease of passage through BBB into the CNS ; For brain tumors, melanoma, skin cancer

A

Carmustine, lomustine (TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, decreases synthesis of thymidylate, amino acids, purine nucleotides; cell cycle specific

A

Methotrexate (TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

Rescue therapy for methotrexate

A

Leucovorin (Folinic acid) (TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Enumerate (4): Inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis, activated by HGPRT, cell cycle specific ; For acute leukemia (AML, ALL), CML

A

6-Mercaptopurine

6-thioguanine

fludarabine

cladribine

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19
Q

Inhibits thymidylate synthase, causes thymineless death of cells, cell cycle specific

A

5-Fluorouracil (TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

a deoxycytidine analog

A

Gemcitabine (TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

Cytarabine is most specific for the _______-phase of the cell cycle

A

S-phase

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22
Q

Prevents microtubule assembly, causes cell arrest at metaphase, cell cycle specific

A

Vinca alkaloid: Vincristine, Vinblastine (TOPNOTCH)

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23
Q

Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, inhibits mitochondrial electron transport, cell cycle specific

-DNA topoisomerate II is also known as:

A

Etoposide

e-TWO-poside = DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor

-DNA gyrase

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24
Q

Inhibits DNA topoisomerase I, cell cycle specific; For advanced ovarian cancer (2nd line), small cell lung cancer

A

Topotecan, irinotecan (TOPNOTCH)

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25
Q

Interferes with mitotic spindle, prevents microtubule disassembly into tubulin monomers, cell cycle specific

A

Paclitaxel, docetaxel (TOPNOTCH)

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26
Q

used in solid tumors like breast, ovarian, lung, gastroesophageal, prostate, bladder, and head and neck cancers

A

Paclitaxel, docetaxel (TOPNOTCH)

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27
Q

The Vinca alkaloids act primarily in ____ phase of cancer cell cycle

A

M phase

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28
Q

Intercalates between base pairs, inhibits topoisomerase II, generates free radicals cell cycle non-specific

A

Anthracycline: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone (TOPNOTCH)

29
Q

Rescue therapy for Doxorubicin

A

dexrazoxane (TOPNOTCH)

30
Q

Bleomycin is most specific for the ____ phase of cell cycle.

31
Q

SE: pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia, mucocutaneous reactions

A

Bleomycin (TOPNOTCH)

BBBAN Me:

  • bleomycin
  • busulfan
  • bromocriptine
  • amiodarone
  • nitrofurantoin
  • methotrexate
32
Q

Binds to double stranded DNA, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, cell cycle non-specific

A

Actinomycin D

D - Double stranded DNA!!!

33
Q

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the protein product of bcr-abl oncogene in CML; inhibits c-kit tyrosine kinase in GIST

A

TK inhibitor: Imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib (TOPNOTCH)

34
Q

recognizes a surface protein in breast CA cells that overexpress Her-2-Neu receptors for epidermal growth factor

A

Trastuzumab (TOPNOTCH)

35
Q

Inhibits binding of VEGF to VEGFR leading to inhibiton of VEGF signalling, inhibits tumor vascular permeability but enhances tumor blood flow and drug delivery

A

Bevacizumab

Vegf = beVacizumab

36
Q
  • Binds to a surface protein in NHL cells, induces complement-mediated lysis, direct cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis
  • Identify this surface protein
A

Rituximab (TOPNOTCH)

-CD 20 (—–CD 20 antibody)

37
Q

Endogenous glycoproteins with antineoplastric, immunosuppressive and antiviral actions

A

Interferon alpha (TOPNOTCH)

38
Q

Depletes serum asparagines ; For ALL, T-cell auxotrophic CA (leukemia and lymphomas) that require asparagine for growth

A

Asparaginase (TOPNOTCH)

39
Q

Only vitamin that can cure cancer

A

All-Trans retinoic acid (TOPNOTCH)

40
Q

Identify: this malignancy is treated using all-trans retinoic acid

Cure rate? %

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia (subtype of AML)

~100%!!!

41
Q

Suppresses inflammation and immune response, may trigger apoptosis and work on nondividing cancer cells

A

Prednisone (TOPNOTCH)

42
Q

Estrogen antagonist actions in breasts tissue and CNS, estrogen agonist effects in uterus, liver and bone

A

Tamoxifen (TOPNOTCH)

43
Q

Androgen antagonist ; For prostate cancer

A

Flutamide (TOPNOTCH)

44
Q

Increased LH, FSH secretion with intermittent administration, reduced LH and FSH secretion with prolonged continuous administration ; For prostate cancer

A

Leuprolide (TOPNOTCH)

45
Q

Reduces estrogen synthesis by inhibiting aromatase; For breast cancer

A

Anastrazole (TOPNOTCH)

46
Q

Effective againsts breast cancer that have become resistant to tamoxifen

A

Anastrazole (TOPNOTCH)

47
Q

Enumerate (6): drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis:

A
  • Bleomycin
  • Busulfan
  • Bromocriptine
  • Amiodarone
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Methotrexate

BBB AN Me

48
Q

Enumerate (2): these drugs inhibit the metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine

A
  • allopurinol
  • febuxostat
49
Q

Identify: this drug inhibits thymidilate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and purine synthesis

A
  • pemetrexed
51
Q

Enumerate (2): these drugs inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, inhibiting DNA synthesis and repair

Which of these two is a radiation-sensitizing agent?

A

Cytarabine and Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine

52
Q

side effect of vinblastine:

A

-bone marrow suppression

53
Q

drug class of etoposide:

A

podophyllotoxin

etoPO = POdo

54
Q

Drug class of irinotecan and topotecan:

A

camptothecin

55
Q

Common side effect of Irinotecan:

A

diarrhea

Irinotecan = I ran to the can! (because of diarrhea)

56
Q

Drug class of doxorubicin and daunorubicin:

A

anthracyclines

57
Q

This drug generates free radicals which cause DNA strand breaks. Also intercalate with DNA.

58
Q

SE of bevcizumab

A

impaired wound healing

59
Q

Identify: this drug intercalates between base pairs, inhibits topoisomerase II, and generates free radicals -> single and double-stranded DNA breaks

A

doxorubicin

60
Q

Enumerate: (4) uses for interferon-alpha

A

hairy cell leukemia, t-cell lymphoma, hepatitis A and C

61
Q

This drug binds to EGFR and inhibits dowstream EGFR signaling, enhances response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy

62
Q

This drug inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase -> inhibition of EGFR signaling

63
Q

Differentiate: cetuximab vs erlotinib

A

cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody (-mab), erlotinib is not

64
Q

Give a side-effect of asparaginase:

A

acute pancreatitis

65
Q

What is the drug class of leuprolide?

A

GnRH analog

Increased LH, FSH secretion with intermittent administration, reduced LH and FSH secretion with prolonged continuous administration ; For prostate cancer

66
Q

What other diseases (2) are prevented with administration of tamoxifen?

Tamoxifen increases the risk of development of this disease:

A

osteoporosis and atherosclerosis

endometrial cancer

67
Q

Give a toxicity of procarbazine:

A

disulfiram-like reaction

Chlorpropamide
Cefoperazone
Cefotetan
Cefomandole
Procarbazine
Metronidazole
Griseofulvin

Colorado Cannabis Consumers Can Pinally Get Marijuana!!!! (alternative to alcohol!)

68
Q

Procarbazine vs Dacarbazine:

A

Procarbazine can be used to treat brain tumors

Jaspie - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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