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Jaspie - Pharmacology > 53 - Cancer chemotherapy > Flashcards

53 - Cancer chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Type of chemotherapy in which it is administered as the primary treatment

A

primary induction chemotherapy

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2
Q

Enumerate: S-phase drugs (6)

A
  • Cytarabine
  • Hydroxyurea
  • Etoposide
  • Methotrexate
  • 6-mecaptopurine
  • 6-thioguanine

CHEM-66

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3
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of Methotrexate:

A

leucovorin (folinic acid)

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4
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of doxorubicin

A

deXrazOXane (against cardiotoxicity of dOXOrubicin)

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5
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of cisplatin

A

amifostine (against nephrotoxicity)

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6
Q

What metabolite of cyclophosphamide causes hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

acrolein

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7
Q

Identify: rescue drug for toxicity of Cyclophosphamide

A

Mesna (binds to acrolein)

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8
Q

Forms DNA cross-links, resulting in inhibition of DNA synthesis and function, Cell-cycle nonspecific

A

Alkylating agents (TOPNOTCH)

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9
Q

Enumerate: Alkylating agents

A
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cisplatin
  • Carboplatin, oxaliplatin
  • Procarbazine
  • Dacarbazine
  • Busulfan
  • Carmustine
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10
Q

SE: bone marrow suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, hepatotoxicity, alopecia, SIADH, pulmonary toxicity

A

Cyclophosphamide (TOPNOTCH)

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11
Q

Rescue therapy for cyclophosphamide

A

MESNA (TOPNOTCH)

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12
Q

Rescue therapy for Cisplatin

A

Amifostine (TOPNOTCH)

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13
Q

MOA: forms hydrogen peroxide, which generates free radicals that cause DNA scission (2)

A

Procarbazine and Dacarbazine

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14
Q

SE: pulmonary fibrosis, adrenal insufficiency, skin pigmentation

A

Busulfan (TOPNOTCH)

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15
Q

Highly lipophilic allowing ease of passage through BBB into the CNS ; For brain tumors, melanoma, skin cancer

A

Carmustine, lomustine (TOPNOTCH)

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16
Q

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, decreases synthesis of thymidylate, amino acids, purine nucleotides; cell cycle specific

A

Methotrexate (TOPNOTCH)

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17
Q

Rescue therapy for methotrexate

A

Leucovorin (Folinic acid) (TOPNOTCH)

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18
Q

Enumerate (4): Inhibits de novo purine nucleotide synthesis, activated by HGPRT, cell cycle specific ; For acute leukemia (AML, ALL), CML

A

6-Mercaptopurine

6-thioguanine

fludarabine

cladribine

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19
Q

Inhibits thymidylate synthase, causes thymineless death of cells, cell cycle specific

A

5-Fluorouracil (TOPNOTCH)

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20
Q

a deoxycytidine analog

A

Gemcitabine (TOPNOTCH)

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21
Q

Cytarabine is most specific for the _______-phase of the cell cycle

A

S-phase

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22
Q

Prevents microtubule assembly, causes cell arrest at metaphase, cell cycle specific

A

Vinca alkaloid: Vincristine, Vinblastine (TOPNOTCH)

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23
Q

Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II, inhibits mitochondrial electron transport, cell cycle specific

-DNA topoisomerate II is also known as:

A

Etoposide

e-TWO-poside = DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor

-DNA gyrase

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24
Q

Inhibits DNA topoisomerase I, cell cycle specific; For advanced ovarian cancer (2nd line), small cell lung cancer

A

Topotecan, irinotecan (TOPNOTCH)

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25
Interferes with mitotic spindle, prevents microtubule disassembly into tubulin monomers, cell cycle specific
Paclitaxel, docetaxel (TOPNOTCH)
26
used in solid tumors like breast, ovarian, lung, gastroesophageal, prostate, bladder, and head and neck cancers
Paclitaxel, docetaxel (TOPNOTCH)
27
The Vinca alkaloids act primarily in ____ phase of cancer cell cycle
M phase
28
Intercalates between base pairs, inhibits topoisomerase II, generates free radicals cell cycle non-specific
Anthracycline: Doxorubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, mitoxantrone (TOPNOTCH)
29
Rescue therapy for Doxorubicin
dexrazoxane (TOPNOTCH)
30
Bleomycin is most specific for the ____ phase of cell cycle.
G2
31
SE: pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis, alopecia, mucocutaneous reactions
Bleomycin (TOPNOTCH) BBBAN Me: * bleomycin * busulfan * bromocriptine * amiodarone * nitrofurantoin * methotrexate
32
Binds to double stranded DNA, inhibits DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, cell cycle non-specific
Actinomycin D D - Double stranded DNA!!!
33
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the protein product of bcr-abl oncogene in CML; inhibits c-kit tyrosine kinase in GIST
TK inhibitor: Imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib (TOPNOTCH)
34
recognizes a surface protein in breast CA cells that overexpress Her-2-Neu receptors for epidermal growth factor
Trastuzumab (TOPNOTCH)
35
Inhibits binding of VEGF to VEGFR leading to inhibiton of VEGF signalling, inhibits tumor vascular permeability but enhances tumor blood flow and drug delivery
Bevacizumab Vegf = beVacizumab
36
- Binds to a surface protein in NHL cells, induces complement-mediated lysis, direct cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis - Identify this surface protein
Rituximab (TOPNOTCH) -CD 20 (-----CD 20 antibody)
37
Endogenous glycoproteins with antineoplastric, immunosuppressive and antiviral actions
Interferon alpha (TOPNOTCH)
38
Depletes serum asparagines ; For ALL, T-cell auxotrophic CA (leukemia and lymphomas) that require asparagine for growth
Asparaginase (TOPNOTCH)
39
Only vitamin that can cure cancer
All-Trans retinoic acid (TOPNOTCH)
40
Identify: this malignancy is treated using all-trans retinoic acid Cure rate? %
acute promyelocytic leukemia (subtype of AML) ~100%!!!
41
Suppresses inflammation and immune response, may trigger apoptosis and work on nondividing cancer cells
Prednisone (TOPNOTCH)
42
Estrogen antagonist actions in breasts tissue and CNS, estrogen agonist effects in uterus, liver and bone
Tamoxifen (TOPNOTCH)
43
Androgen antagonist ; For prostate cancer
Flutamide (TOPNOTCH)
44
Increased LH, FSH secretion with intermittent administration, reduced LH and FSH secretion with prolonged continuous administration ; For prostate cancer
Leuprolide (TOPNOTCH)
45
Reduces estrogen synthesis by inhibiting aromatase; For breast cancer
Anastrazole (TOPNOTCH)
46
Effective againsts breast cancer that have become resistant to tamoxifen
Anastrazole (TOPNOTCH)
47
Enumerate (6): drugs that cause pulmonary fibrosis:
* Bleomycin * Busulfan * Bromocriptine * Amiodarone * Nitrofurantoin * Methotrexate BBB AN Me
48
Enumerate (2): these drugs inhibit the metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine
* allopurinol * febuxostat
49
Identify: this drug inhibits thymidilate synthase, dihydrofolate reductase, and purine synthesis
* pemetrexed
50
51
Enumerate (2): these drugs inhibit ribonucleotide reductase, inhibiting DNA synthesis and repair Which of these two is a radiation-sensitizing agent?
Cytarabine and Gemcitabine Gemcitabine
52
side effect of vinblastine:
-bone marrow suppression
53
drug class of etoposide:
podophyllotoxin etoPO = POdo
54
Drug class of irinotecan and topotecan:
camptothecin
55
Common side effect of Irinotecan:
diarrhea Irinotecan = I ran to the can! (because of diarrhea)
56
Drug class of doxorubicin and daunorubicin:
anthracyclines
57
This drug generates free radicals which cause DNA strand breaks. Also intercalate with DNA.
Bleomycin
58
SE of bevcizumab
impaired wound healing
59
Identify: this drug intercalates between base pairs, inhibits topoisomerase II, and generates free radicals -\> single and double-stranded DNA breaks
doxorubicin
60
Enumerate: (4) uses for interferon-alpha
hairy cell leukemia, t-cell lymphoma, hepatitis A and C
61
This drug binds to EGFR and inhibits dowstream EGFR signaling, enhances response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Cetuximab
62
This drug inhibits EGFR tyrosine kinase -\> inhibition of EGFR signaling
erlotinib
63
Differentiate: cetuximab vs erlotinib
cetuximab is a monoclonal antibody (-mab), erlotinib is not
64
Give a side-effect of asparaginase:
acute pancreatitis
65
What is the drug class of leuprolide?
GnRH analog Increased LH, FSH secretion with intermittent administration, reduced LH and FSH secretion with prolonged continuous administration ; For prostate cancer
66
What other diseases (2) are prevented with administration of tamoxifen? Tamoxifen increases the risk of development of this disease:
osteoporosis and atherosclerosis endometrial cancer
67
Give a toxicity of procarbazine:
disulfiram-like reaction Chlorpropamide Cefoperazone Cefotetan Cefomandole Procarbazine Metronidazole Griseofulvin Colorado Cannabis Consumers Can Pinally Get Marijuana!!!! (alternative to alcohol!)
68
Procarbazine vs Dacarbazine:
Procarbazine can be used to treat brain tumors

Jaspie - Pharmacology (16 decks)

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