28 - Antiprotozoal drugs Flashcards
These amebicides act on organisms in the bowel wall and the liver. Give examples
- Tissue amebicides
- chloroquine, emetines, metronidazole, tinidazole
These amebicides act only in the lumen of the bowel. Give examples
- Luminal amebicides
- diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, paromomycin
Drug of choice for asymptomatic luminal cysts of E. histolytica:
Diloxanide furoate
Drug of choice for severe intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis:
Metronidazole
SE for Metronidazole
Disulfiram-like reaction (do not take alcohol!)
Metallic taste
DOC for cryptosporidiosis.
Nitazoxantide
Treatment of Giardiasis:
Metronidazole
Treatment for Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole 2 g oral single dose
Term: These antimalarial drugs kill schizonts in the liver.
Give some examples
- Tissue Schizonticides
- primaquine
Term: These antimalarial drugs kill the parasitic forms only in the RBCs.
Give some examples
- Blood schizonticides
- chloroquine, quinine
Term: These antimalarial drugs kill gametocytes in human blood.
Give some examples
- gametocides
- primaquine
Term: These antimalarial drugs prevent sporogony and multiplication in the mosquito.
Give some examples
- sporonticides
- proguanil, pyrimethamine
MOA of chloroquine
Prevents conversion of heme to hemozoin
MOA of quinine
complexes with DNA to prevent strand separation, blocking DNA replication and transcription
MOA of primaquine
forms electron-transferring redox compounds that act as cellular oxidants.
MOA of proguanil
inhibits folate synthesis - sporonticide
Limitation of treatment with primaquine
Should be used with a blood schizonticide (e.g. chloroquine, quinine)
MOA of pyrimethamine
sequential blockade of folic acid synthesis - sporonticide
Anti-protozoal drug that can be used as a DMARD
Chloroquine
Term: toxicity of quinine.
What are the components of the triad?
Cinchonism:
- headache
- tinnitus
- vertigo
Prophylactic drug for drug-resistant P. falciparum
Doxycycline, 100 mg/tab OD, start 3 days before traveling
Drug of choice for uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Philippines
Co-artem (artemether-lumefantrine)
Toxicity of pyrimethamine.
What is the rescue drug?
- folic acid deficiency
- leucovorin (folinic acid)
Drug of choice for toxoplamosis?
MOA?
- sulfadiazine-pyrimethamine
- sequential blockade of dihydropteroate synthase (sulfadiazine) and dihydrofolate reductase (pyrimethamine)
