37 - Alcohols Flashcards
Responsible for ethanol metabolism at blood levels higher than 100mg/dl
Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)
Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
Disulfiram
Metronidazole
Oral hypoglycemics
Cephalosporin
Blood Alcohol Concentration?
Impaired Driving Ability
60-80 mg/dl
Blood Alcohol Concentration?
Emesis, Stupor
200-300 mg/dl
Blood Alcohol Concentration?
Coma
300-400 mg/dl
Blood Alcohol Concentration?
Death
> 500 mg/dl
Ataxia
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia
Disease?
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
weird ACO!
Treatment for Wernicke Syndrome
Vitamin B1
Brain changes in Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Bilateral hemorrhagic necrosis of mamillary bodies
How much alcohol is modest consumption, raising HDL levels and protecting against CAD?
10-15 g/day
Manifestations of delirium tremens (3)
Hallucinations
Autonomic Disability - unstable vital signs
Delirium
48-72 hours post discontinuation
HAD 48 beers
Treatment for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
DOC is long acting benzodiazepine
Diazepam, Chlordiazepoxide
Short acting benzodiazepine is preferred in patients with compromized liver function
Drugs for Alcoholism
Naltrexone: Opioid receptor antagonists (cravings)
Acamprosate: NMDA receptor antagonist
Disulfiram: inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase
Drugs with Disulfiram Reactions:
CHLOrpropamide CefoPERazone CefoMAndole CefoTEtan PROcarbazine METronidazole
CHLOe PErsonally MAkes TEa PROduct METiculously
Drug that causes visual dysfunction, from commercial solvents, wood alcohol, windshield cleaners
Methanol
Treatment for Methanol poisoning
Ethanol: competitive inhibitor of methanol
Fomepizole: inhibitor of Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Drug that causes renal damages and severe acidosis from industrial exposure
Damage is from accumulation of oxalic acid
Ethylene Glycol
Treatment for Ethylene Glycol poisoning
Ethanol: competes for oxidation by Alcohol dehydrogenase
Fomepizole: slows or prevents formation of oxalic acid
Benzodiazepines
Midazolam
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Barbiturates
Thipental
Pentobarbital
Phenobarbital
At higher doses, alcohol exhibits __________ order kinetics
Zero