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Head and Neck > 5.2.1 Development of the Head and Neck 1 > Flashcards

5.2.1 Development of the Head and Neck 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of the embryo at 4 weeks old?

A
  • No face yet
  • Head and neck take up almost half of body
  • Follows semental pattern
  • Each segment has structures from various systems
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2
Q

What are the 5 parts of the pharyngeal arches?

A

Cartilage Bar
Cranial Nerve
Ectoderm
Artery
Endoderm

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3
Q

What does the cartilage bar have?

A

Associated muscles, and supports the arch

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4
Q

What does the cranial nerve do in the pharyngeal arch?

A

Each arch has a different nerve

Motor to muscles associated with cartilage

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5
Q

What does the ectoderm do?

A

Covers superficial arch surface

Becomes skin and nervous system

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6
Q

What is the arterial origin?

A

Mesoderm

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7
Q

What does the endoderm do?

A

Covers deep aspect of the arch

Forms GI, respiratory system and endocrine glands

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8
Q

Fill in the table

A
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9
Q

How many pharyngeal arches are there?

A

5
P1,2,3,4 and 6

No 5th arch in humans

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10
Q

What is formed by the pharyngeal arches?

A

Pharyngeal clefts and pouches

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11
Q

What is a pharyngeal cleft?

A

Invagination of ectoderm = cleft

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12
Q

What is a pharyngeal pouch?

A

Evagination of endoderm

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13
Q

What happens to the first pharyngeal cleft?

A

Very close association with first pouch, nearly meets in midline, future tympanic membrane separates the two

Forms the External accoustic meatus

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14
Q

What happens to the first pharyngeal pouch?

A

Forms the eustachian tube (tubotympanic recess in utero)

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15
Q

What happens to the remaining pharyngeal clefts?

A

Subsequent clefts disappear due to second arch descending and closing them off obliterating them

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16
Q

What does the second pouch form?

A

Palatine tonsil

17
Q

What does the third pouch form?

A

Thymus and parathyroid III

18
Q

What does the fourth pouch form?

A

Parathyroid IV

19
Q

What happens if the second arch does not fully obliterate the clefts?

A

Keads to formation of branchial cysts, sinuses and fistulas

Branchial=pharyngeal

20
Q

How does a branchial cyst form?

A

Second arch descends and covers the cleft, but inner cleft not completely obliterated and not fully closed off

No communication with other structures, fluid-filled enclosed space

21
Q

How does a branchial sinus form?

A

Second arch does not properly cover the cleft

Cervical sinus remnant

Communicates with skin

22
Q

How does a branchial fistula form?

A

Second arch does not cover cleft at all

Cervical sinus remnant extends to the endoderm

Connection between skin and pharynx

23
Q

Why are branchial cysts, sinuses and fistulae nearly always anterior to SCM?

A

SCM grows up to the base of the skull

SCM sits behind the cervical sinus, and thus is posterior to the clefts

Head and Neck (51 decks)

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