4.1.1 Introduction to Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What are the main divisions of the nervous system?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What makes up the CNS?
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brainstem
Cerebellum
What makes up the PNS?
Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
What sits on top of the brainstem?
Forebrain
What is the forebrain split into?
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
How can the cerebrum be split?
Left and Right hemispheres
What does the diencephalon consist of?
Hypothalamus and thalamus, you have one thalamus each side
What do you find beneath the forebrain?
Cerebellum
What are the different parts of the brainstem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla (once this exits via the foramen magnum becomes the spinal cord)
Where is grey matter found and what does it do?
Found in the outer layer, forms the sulci and gyri
Sulci- think sulking, depression
Gyri- opposite the bulging parts
(increases surface area to get more neurones)
Processes infromation, takes sensory information to create motor function
What fissures are found within the brain?
Longitudinal fissure- separating the cerebral hemishperes
Lateral fissures- separating the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe
(Sylvian fissures)
Where is white matter found and what does it do?
Found more centrally, white colour as made of long axons from cell bodies in the cortex which are myelinated
Essentially just allows communication of grey matter
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?
Central sulcus
What separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe?
Lateral fissure (sylvian)
What separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?
Parieto-occipito fissure
What is the corpus callosum?
- Connects the two hemispheres together
- Allows communication between hemispheres
- Packed full of neurone axons (white matter)
What is septum pellucidum?
Thin membrane covering the space between the two cerebral hemispheres
In life the space is filled with CSF
Orientation terminology
Superior=Dorsal
Inferior=Ventral
Anterior=Rostral
Posterior=Caudal
Brain is flexed at 90 degrees
