5.2 - Hardware Tools Flashcards
Hardware Tools
- Cable crimper
- Cable tester
- Punch-down Tool
- TDR / OTDR
- Light meter
- Toner Probe
- Loopback plug
- Multimeter
- Spectrum analyzer
Cable crimper
- ”Pinch” the connector onto the wire
- The final step of a cable installation
- Metal prongs push through insulation
Cable tester
Continuity testing
Identify missing pins, crossed wires
Not used for advanced testing
Punch-down Tool
Forces wire into a wiring block
Trims the wires and breaks the insulation
TDR / OTDR
(Optical) Time Domain Reflectometer• Estimate fiber lengths, measure signal loss, determine light reflection, create wire maps• May require additional training
Light meter
Send a light from one side• Measure the light power on the othe
Toner Probe
Puts an analog sound on the wire• Inductive probe doesn’t need to touch the copper
Loopback plug
• Useful for testing physical ports• Serial, Ethernet, T1, fiber• These are not crossover cables
Multimeter
AC/DC voltages• Continuity, wire mapping
Spectrum analyzer
View the frequency spectrum• Identify frequency conflicts
Software Tools
Protocol analyzer
Network / port scanner
Wireless packet analysis
Speed test sites
Protocol analyzer
Capture and display network traffic• Use a physical tap or redirect on the switch
Network / port scanner
• Scan for open ports and IP addresses• Visually map the network• Rogue system detection
Wireless packet analysis
View wireless information• Signal-to-noise ratio, channel information, etc.
Speed test sites
Bandwidth testing• Pre- and post-change analysis• Not all sites are the same
Command Line Tools
- ping - Test reachability
- traceroute - Determine the route a packet takes to a destination
- nslookup and dig - Lookup information from DNS servers
- ipconfig and ifconfig - View and manage IP configuration
- iptables - Packet filtering
- netstat - Display network statistics
- tcpdump
- Nmap
- route - View the device’s routing table
- arp - Address resolution protocol information
ping - Test reachability
• ping - Test reachability to a TCP/IP address• ping -t - Ping until stopped with Ctrl-c• ping -a - Resolve address to a hostname• ping -n - Send # of echo requests• ping -f - Send with Don’t Fragment flag set
traceroute
Takes advantage of ICMP Time to Live Exceeded error message• Not all devices will reply with ICMP Time Exceeded messages• traceroute
nslookup
nslookup • dig
ipconfig and ifconfig
ipconfig - Windows TCP/IP config
• ipconfig /all - Display all IP configuration details
• ipconfig /release - Release the DHCP lease
• ipconfig /renew - Renew the DHCP lease
• ipconfig /flushdns - Flush the DNS resolver cache• ifconfig - Linux interface configuration
iptables - Packet filtering
Linux iptables - filter packets in the kernel
• Simple data blocks - ignores state
• Usually placed on a device or server
netstat - Display network statistics
netstat -a - Show all active connections• netstat -b - Show binaries• netstat -n - Do not resolve names
tcpdump
tcpdumpCapture packets from the command line• Available in most Unix/Linux operating systems• Included with Mac OS X, available for Windows (WinDump)• Apply filters, view in real-time• Written in standard pcap format
pathping - Combination of ping and traceroute
pathping
Nmap
Network mapper - find network devices• Port scan - Find devices and identify open ports• Operating system scan• Discover the OS without logging in to a device• Service scan• What service is available on a device? Name, version, details• Additional scripts• Nmap Scripting Engine (NSE
route - View the device’s routing table
route print - View the Windows routing table
arp
• arp -a - View the local ARP table
