5.2 Economic Change under Deng Xiaoping

Question 1

Deng’s aims

Answer 1

develop trade with outside world
encourage foreign investment
Modernise Chinese economy

Question 2

Reasons for reforms

Answer 2

Machines and factories were old and inefficient
Communes failing to produce food
Grinding poverty made worse by droughts

Question 3

Reasons for change in agriculture

Answer 3

production did not meet needs
communes meant no incentive to farm

Question 4

Household responsibility system

Answer 4

each household received a bit of land
in exchange some of produce would go to state
extra produce could be sold for profit

Question 5

effects of household responsibility system

Answer 5

Grain output increased
income of peasants increased
China is largest agricultural producer in the world

Question 6

10 year plan (Industrial reforms)

Answer 6

State owned enterprises - managers run factories profitably
Open door policy - foreigner encouraged to come
Special economic zone - areas of cheap land where foreigners could invest

Question 7

Positive effects of 10 year plan

Answer 7

Trade grew by 500%
record number of consumer goods

Question 8

Negative effects of 10 year plan

Answer 8

Consumer good expensive
Inequalities
Culture damaged by western influence

Question 9

Reasons for educational reforms

Answer 9

Highly educated workforce needed for modernisation
industrial progress required technical knowledge
CR meant less than 6% had degree level education

Question 10

Educational reforms

Answer 10

entry exams were re introduced
Students encouraged to travel to west for education
Private Universities allowed

Question 11

One child policy

Answer 11

Population was overgrowing
couples needed permit to give birth
financial penalties for having more than one child

Question 12

Positive effect of one child policy

Answer 12

reduced population growth

Question 13

negative effect of one child policy

Answer 13

difficult to enforce in countryside
gender imbalance
infanticide