5.2 Flashcards
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause disease
Pathogens may be bacteria, viruses, protists, or fungi.
What are communicable diseases?
Diseases that can be passed from one infected individual to another
Also known as infectious diseases.
Name two types of pathogens that cause communicable diseases in humans.
- Bacteria
- Viruses
What is a common mild communicable disease?
The common cold
Other mild diseases include tonsillitis.
What are some examples of serious communicable diseases?
- Tetanus
- Influenza
- HIV/AIDS
Can communicable diseases be transmitted between different species?
Yes
For example, rabies can pass from dogs or bats to humans.
What are bacteria?
Single-celled living organisms smaller than animal and plant cells
Bacteria are used in food production and have important roles in the environment.
What is the process called by which bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission
How do bacteria cause disease?
- Divide rapidly
- Produce toxins
- Directly damage cells
What do viruses do inside the body?
Take over cells, reproduce inside them, and damage or destroy them
What are common symptoms of diseases caused by pathogens?
- High temperature
- Headaches
- Rashes
How are pathogens commonly spread by air?
Through droplet infection
Pathogens are expelled when coughing, sneezing, or talking.
What is an example of a disease spread by direct contact?
Syphilis
Other examples include chlamydia and HIV/AIDS.
How can pathogens be spread by water?
Through contaminated food or drinking water
Examples include cholera and salmonellosis.
What lifestyle factors can affect the spread of diseases?
Living in crowded conditions with no sewage system
