5.1 Structural Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Lipids

A
  • serving vital structural, signaling, and energy storage roles
  • can be an important part of
    processes like cell recognition and signaling
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2
Q

Amphipathic

A
  • has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
  • fatty acid tails are the hydrophobic region
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3
Q

Phospholipids

A
  • contain: a phosphate and alcohol that comprise the polar head group, joined to a hydrophobic fatty acid tail by phosphodiester linkages
  • One or more fatty acids are attached to a backbone to form the hydrophobic tail region
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4
Q

How’re lipid properties determined?

A
  • by the degree of saturation in fatty acid chains and the functional groups to which the fatty acid chains are bonded
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5
Q

What 2 properties determine how the molecule will behave?

A
  • Saturation and length
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6
Q

Why’re saturated fatty acids more stable?

A
  • Have greater van der Waals forces
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7
Q

Glycerophospholipids
(or phosphoglycerides)

A
  • phospholipids that contain a
    glycerol backbone bonded by ester linkages to two fatty acids and by a phosphodiester linkage to a highly polar head group
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8
Q

Why are head groups on lipids important?

A
  • the head group determines the membrane surface properties
  • glycerophospholipids are named according to their head group
  • can be positively charged, negatively charged, or neutral
  • very important to cell recognition, signaling, and binding
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9
Q

Sphingolipids

A
  • have a sphingosine or sphingoid (sphingosine-like) backbone
  • have long-chain, nonpolar fatty acid tails and polar head groups
  • sites of biological recognition at the cell surface and can be bonded to various head groups and fatty acids
  • Most contain contain a phosphodiester linkage, others contain glycosidic linkages to sugars
  • Ex: cell surface antigens of RBCS
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10
Q

What’re the 4 major subclasses of Sphingolipids?

A
  • Simplest sphingolipid is ceramide (has a single hydrogen atom as its head group)
  • Sphingomyelins are the major class of sphingolipids and are also phospholipids
    _major components in the plasma membranes of cells producing myelin
    _have no net charge
  • glycosphingolipids are found mainly on the outer surface of the plasma membrane and can be further classified as cerebrosides (have single sugar) or globosides (have two or more sugars)
  • Gangliosides are glycolipids that have polar head groups composed of oligosaccharides with one or more N acetylneuraminic acid (NANA; also called sialic acid) molecules at the terminus and a negative charge
    _play a major role in cell interaction, recognition, and signal transduction.
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11
Q

Waxes

A
  • esters of long-chain fatty acids with long-chain alcohols
  • they form pliable solids at room temperature (wax)
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