5 Solids, Liquids and Gases Flashcards
Equation for density
Mass/volume
How to find the volume of random objects
Displacement Method
Equation for pressure
Force/area
How does the pressure at a single point in a gas or liquid act?
In all directions
Equation for pressure difference
density x gravitational field strength x height
Solids
Regular arrangement
Strong bonds between particles
Particles vibrate around in fixed positions
Particles are close together
Liquids
Random arrangement
Slightly weaker bonds between particles compared to solid
Particles can move + slide over each other
Little space between particles
Gases
Random arrangement
Negligible bonds between particles
Particles can move freely
Larger space between particles
Specific Heat Capacity
Energy required to increase the temperature of an object by 1 degrees celsius per kg of mass (J/oc)
Energy equation
mc delta t
What happens when a gas is heated?
Speed of gas particles increases
Collide with sides of container
Increase in pressure
What happens when a gas is cooled?
Speed of gas particles decreases
When the gas particles have stopped moving, they can’t cool any further = absolute zero
What relationship do Kinetic Energy and Temperature have
Directly proportional
Pressure Law
P1/T1 = P2/T2
When is the pressure law true?
The mass + volume of the gas are fixed
The temperature is in Kelvin
Relationship between pressure and volume
Volume is inversely proportional to pressure
Boyles Law
P1V1 = P2V2
When is Boyles Law true?
Fixed mass of gas
At a constant temperature
Brownian Motion
Random movement of large particles as a result of collisions with surrounding small gaseous particles
Example of Brownian Motion
Smoke particles (large particles)
Air particles (small particles)
What does the Brownian motion show about air particles?
Small
Moving quickly since they can change the path of a larger particle
Random movement
