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Physics > 1 Forces and Motion > Flashcards

1 Forces and Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

Equation for speed

A

Distance/time

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2
Q

Practical: investigate the motion of everyday objects such as toy cars or tennis balls

A
  1. Connect a trolley to a ticker tape timer (fitted with a ticker tape) and position on a slope
  2. Release the trolley.
  3. Take a 5-dot section
  4. Work out distance of this section
  5. Divide by 50 (ticker tape timer is set to 50 times per second)
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3
Q

Equation for acceleration

A

Change in velocity (final - initial)/time

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4
Q

Distance - Time Graphs

A

Gradient = velocity

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5
Q

Velocity - Time Graphs

A

Gradient = acceleration
Area under graph = distance or displacement

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6
Q

Equation for final speed

A

v2 = u2 + (2 × a × s)

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7
Q

Vector Quantities

A

Has magnitude + direction

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8
Q

Scalar Quantities

A

Has magnitude

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9
Q

Pulling Force

A

Tensile Force

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10
Q

Pushing Force

A

Compressive Force

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11
Q

What is the length of the arrow proportional to?

A

The size of the force

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12
Q

Forces acting on an object

A
  • Weight
  • Friction
  • Reaction force (opposes weight)
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13
Q

Friction

A

Force that opposes motion

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14
Q

Resultant Force

A

front force - back force
* If positive = acceleration
* If negative = deceleration

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15
Q

How can frictional forces occur?

A
  • When one surface rubs against another surface
  • When a body moves through a fluid
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16
Q

Investigating Friction

A
  1. Put masses in shoe
  2. Hook shoe to force meter
  3. Pull force meter
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17
Q

Equation for force

A

Mass x Acceleration

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18
Q

Equation for Weight

A

Mass x Gravitational Field Strength

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19
Q

Equation for stopping distance

A

Thinking Distance + Braking Distance

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20
Q

What is friction in relation to weight?

A

Directly proportional

21
Q

Weight

A
  • The force in which gravity pulls it down
22
Q

Factors that increase thinking distance

A
  • High initial velocity
  • Alcohol + drugs
  • Tiredness
  • Distraction inside car
23
Q

Factors that increase braking distance

A
  • Poorly maintained brakes
  • High initial velocity
  • Road condition/surface
  • Worn tyres
24
Q

Newtons 2nd Law

A

When an object experiences a resultant force it will accelerate. The magnitude of the acceleration is proportional to the force

25
Q

How an object reaches terminal velocity

A
  1. There is an unbalanced force
  2. W>D so acceleration
  3. W=D so no acceleration so constant terminal velocity
    After parachute opens
  4. W<D so deceleration
  5. W=D so constant terminal velocity
26
Q

Equation for momentum

A

Mass x velocity

27
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

Provided there are no external forces on a system, total momentum is conserved.
Momentum before = Momentum after

28
Q

Momentum for safety features

A

If time taken can be increased for a change in momentum, the force on the body can be decreased. This is done by airbags with inflate quickly and deflate slowly as the person hits them to slow them down

29
Q

Equation for force in terms of momentum

A

Change in momentum/time

30
Q

Hooke’s Law

A

The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality

31
Q

The limit of proportionality in Hooke’s Law

A

if more force is added, the object may extend but will not return to its original shape when the force is removed (it will be inelastically deformed)

32
Q

Elastic behaviour

A

the ability of a material to recover its original shape
after the forces causing deformation have been removed

33
Q

Practical: investigate how extension varies with applied force for helical springs, metal wires and rubber bands

A
34
Q

Newton’s 3rd Law

A

To every force there is an equal and opposite reaction

35
Q

Equation for moment

A

Moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot

36
Q

Where does the weight of a body act from?

A

Its centre of gravity

37
Q

Principle of moments

A

Clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment

38
Q

What do forces cause?

A

A change in motion

39
Q

What factors affect drag?

A
  • Velocity
  • Surface Area
40
Q

Axis on Hooke’s Law graph

A

x - axis: Force
y - axis: Extension

41
Q

Does a wire obey Hooke’s law?

A

Initial yes, but then goes up on graph

42
Q

Does an rubber band obey Hooke’s law?

A
43
Q

How are the independent variable and the dependant variable placed on the axis of a graph

A
  • Independent variable: x - axis
  • Dependant variable: y - axis
44
Q

What type of graph does a continuous variable need?

A

Scatter graph

45
Q

How to work out the gradient

A

Up/accross

46
Q

How to find the centre of gravity of an irregular shape

A
  1. Take a mounted needle with a plumb line attached to it
  2. Place the mounted needle at the top and draw where the plumb line goes
  3. Rotate and repeat
  4. The point of intersection is the centre of gravity
47
Q

What is a moment?

A

The turning effect of a force

48
Q

When does the principle of moments apply?

A

When an object is balanced or in equilibrium

Physics (8 decks)

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