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Physics > 2 Electricity > Flashcards

2 Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Double Insulation

A

Class 2 appliances have metal cases
Plastic is an insulator so no earth wire
Example: hairdryer

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2
Q

Fuses and Circuit Breakers

A
  1. Fault occurs (live wire touches metal case)
  2. Large current flows down to earth wire and melts fuse
  3. Fuse breaks, disconnecting the live supply
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3
Q

Current

A

The rate of flow of charge

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4
Q

What is the conventional current?

A
  • Opposite of ACTUAL current
  • Goes from + to -
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5
Q

Voltage

A

energy lost or gained by each Coulomb as it moves around the circuit

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6
Q

Kirchoff’s Law

A

Total current entering a junction = Total current leaving a junction

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7
Q

Different types of circuit

A
  • Series
  • Parallel
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8
Q

Series Circuit

A

Current is the same throughout
Voltage is shared between components

Single Loop

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9
Q

Parallel Circuit

A

Share of current for each loop
Voltage is same throughout (for each loop)

Multiple Loops

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10
Q

Advantages of Parallel Circuit

A

If one component fails, other components are unaffected
Individual control over each component or loop/components work independently

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11
Q

Disadvantages of Series Circuit

A

If one component fails, whole circuit is disconnected

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12
Q

Resistance

A

Opposition to the flow of charge due to collisions between electrons (moving) and nuclei (stationary)

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13
Q

How can the resistance of a conductor be increased?

A
  • Reduce cross-sectional area
  • Increase length
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14
Q

What can be used to indicate the presence of a current in a circuit?

A

Lamp or LED

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15
Q

Relationship with voltage and current in a resistor(Ohms Law)

A

The current is directly proportional to the voltage, provided that the temperature is constant

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16
Q

Relationship between voltage and current in a filament lamp

A

As voltage + current increase, so does resistance.
Due to nuclei vibrating more making it more difficult for electrons to pass through.

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17
Q

Diode

A

Electrical equivalent of a 1 way valve (only lets current flow in 1 direction)

18
Q

Graph for Diode (Voltage and current)

A

Peaks as soon as voltage is positive

19
Q

LDR graph (brightness and resistance)

A

Inversely proportional

20
Q

Uses of LDR

A

Screen brightness on electronic devices

21
Q

Thermistor graph (temperature and resistance)

A

Inversely proportional

22
Q

Alternating Current (a.c)

A

Voltage continuously changes from + to -

23
Q

Example of alternating current

A

Mains electricity

24
Q

Direct Current (d.c)

A

Voltage is always positive

25
Q

Example of Direct Current

A

Cell

26
Q

Wires in a plug

A
  • Live
  • Neutral
  • Earth
27
Q

Colours of wires in plug: Live

A

Brown

28
Q

Colours of wires in plug: Neutral

A

Blue

29
Q

Colours of wires in plug: Earth

A

Green/yellow

30
Q

Plugs: Live

A

Alternates between + and - voltages, as electrons are pushed around the circuit

31
Q

Plugs: Neutral

A

Stays at 0V, but carries same current as live

32
Q

Plugs: Earth

A

Stays at 0V, and doesn’t carry a current unless there is a fault

33
Q

Examples of electrical hazards

A

Frayed cables
Water around plugs
Damaged plugs

34
Q

Voltage of Mains electricity

A

230V

35
Q

Practical: investigate how insulating materials can be charged by friction

A

Rub duster on polythene rod
Polythene rod becomes positive
Duster becomes negative
Due to transfer of electrons

36
Q

Uses of electrostatic charges

A
  • Photocopiers
  • Inkjet printers
37
Q

Uses of electrostatic charges: Photocopiers

A
  1. A copying plate is electrically charges
  2. An image of the page wanting to be copied is projected on the plate
  3. Where light falls on the plate, electrical charge leaks away
  4. The parts charges attract a black powder
  5. The powder is transferred to paper
  6. Paper is heated to make powder stick
38
Q

Dangers of electrostatics

A
  • Lightning
  • Fuelling
39
Q

Dangers of electrostatics: Lightning

A
  1. Negative cloud with excess electrons
  2. Excess electrons flow to Earth as lightning
  3. Building have lightning conductors to carry this to the ground to avoid damage to building
40
Q

Dangers of electrostatics: Refuelling

A
  1. As fuel rubs against the hose, a static charge can build up.
  2. If these excess electrons spark across the gap, an explosion can result
  3. Bending wire allows the electrons to safely cross the gap

Physics (8 decks)

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