5- Shock Flashcards
Define Shock
Inadequate cellular energy production
Most commonly secondary to poor tissue perfusion (low blood flow)
This leads to a critical decrease in oxygen delivery
Name 3 signs that are seen with shock
Change in mentation
Change in mucous membrane colour- (pal, white or red)
CRT- vasodilation is characteristic of sepsis/ SIRS (shortened RT) and vasoconstriction is seen in shock (lengthened CRT- hypovolemic)
Cold extremities
Pulse evaluation
What does SIRS stand for?
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Manifested by sepsis, severe sepsis, MODS & Refractory shock
Define MODS
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Presence of altered organ function in an acutely ill patient such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention
Is the last stage
Refractory shock
persistent hypotension with end-organ dysfunction despite fluid resuscitation, high-dose vasopressors, oxygenation, and ventilation.
Name 4 types of shock
Hypovolemic
Distributive
Cardiogenic
Metabolic
Hypoxaemic
Cryptic
Combined
Mild initial signs of hypovolemic shock
Mild - moderate depresion
tachycardia with normal CRT
Cool extremeties
Tachypnoea
What is generally the shock organ in dogs
GI tract - dogs will generally present with: ileus, diarrhoea and melaena (black stools)
What is the shock organ in cats
Lung- causes respiratory dysfunction
Describe hypovolaemic shock
decreased circulating blood volume- fluid loss from intravascular space
Describe cardiogenic shock
decreased forward flow from the heart
Describe distributive shock
loss of systemic vascular resistance- the blood vessels inappropriately vasodilate
Describe metabolic shock
deranged cellular metabolic machinery
Describe hypoxaemic shock
decreased oxygen content in arterial blood
Describe cryptic shock
normal global circulation (normal heart rate) but poor microcirculation (where O2 and glucose transport into cells)
e.g. SIRS and sepsis
