5- Fluid types

Question 1

Fluids are used for correction of what 2 conditions

Answer 1

Hypovolaemia or dehydaration

Question 2

Name a type of hypotonic fluid

Answer 2

5% dextrose

Question 3

Name 2 isotonic fluid therapy options

Answer 3

Hartmann’s
0/9% sodium chloride
5% dextrose in 0.9%NaCl

Question 4

Name 2 conditions in which Hartmann’s may not be appropriate

Answer 4

Renal failure
Significant changes in sodium- hyernatraemia/ hyponatraemia

Question 5

Describe how 5% dextrose fluid works

Answer 5

isotonic when given but becomes hypotonic when glucose moves into cells
- Like giving sterile water

Question 6

What type of fluid do you not want to give a dehydrated patient

Answer 6

Hypertonic saline

Question 7

What is hypertonic saline used for

Answer 7

Small volume resuscitation

Question 8

Name 2 benefits of hypertonic saline

Answer 8

The fluid of choose for TBI (head trauma - a benefit for intracranial hypertension)

Limited period of time for resuscitation

Immuno-modulatory effects

Vasodilation - improves microcirculatory perfusion

Question 9

T/F maintenance fluids are higher in K+ and lower in Na+

Answer 9

True
composition is more like that in cells

Question 10

Name a route of fluid administration that is not recommended for resuscitation

Answer 10

Subcutaneous
Intra-perineal

Question 11

Name 2 adverse effects of hypertonic saline

Answer 11

Hypernatraemia
If already present or excessive amount administered- neuro signs
Overly fast administration –> bradycardia, hypotension, bronchoconstriction