5. PYSCH DISORDERS Flashcards
trephination
drilled hole into the skull to release demons- exercism
psychopathology
Scientific study of psych disorders, illness of the mind
signs of abnormality; distressing
if a behavior is distressing to the self or to others
-depression or anxiety
signs of abnormality; dysfunctional
if a behavior to the self or society
-preventing them from living a normal social life
-scared of leaving the house, sheila
signs of abnormality; deviant
-going against social norms
abnormal behavior; 3 D’s
-distressing, dysfunctional or deviant to the self or others/society to where people notice it
-personal and societal judgemtnts of behavior that decide what is / not abnormal
the vulnerability/diathesis stress model
biological and environmental factors
-each person has a degree of vulnerability of developing a disorder based of stress levels
-if one has one of these factors, it must be paired with stress
biological factors of vulnerability to disorders
-genes, sensitive neervous system
personality factors of vulnerability to disorders
-low self esteem, pessimistic, neuroticism
environmental factors of vulnerability to disorders
-low socio economic status, poverty, trauma, loss, interpersonal issues
diagnosis; DSM 5
-description of disorders
-detailed behavior must be present(symptoms) for diagnosis
-includes dimensional scales
-cultural syndromes listed
the dimensional approach for diagnosis
psych disorders are different in degree of behaviour
-spectrum
- a guide for diagnosis
issues in diagnostic labelling
- identifying a person by their problem; which increases their psych diststress and decrease is funtioning
-negative views of the label
comorbidity
-there are no set categories for disorders BC
- overlap in disorders; anxiety and depression
-dsm doesnt specify treatment regarding overlap
p factor
the p-factor
-high p factor = high life impairments+worsening
-the measure of psychopathology in all types of disorders
-it is stable; if you have a low factor it will stay low and vise versa
internalizing disorders
-characterized by negative emotions that reflect distress and fear as a broad category
-EX) depression and anxiety
-cultural factors have a play in diagnosis
externalizing disorders
characterized by impulsive behaviours
EX) alcholoism, anti social behaviours
-cultural factors have a play in diagnosis
4 components of anxiety responses/symptoms
emotional
cognitive
physiological
behavioural
GAD generalized anxiety disorder
-apprehension of having anxiety
-free floating anxiety w no specific reason/situation
phobic disorder
irrational fears of objects or situations
-there is a degree of impairment depending on frequency of facing that fear
agoraphobia
-fear of open and public spaces
anxiety disorder; OCD
-cognitive component; obsessions
-behavioral component’ compulsions
pure obsession; in the mind and stems from self hatred
causal factors in anxiety disorder
-bio factors; genetics, neurotransmitter; GABA, amygdala, gender
-nature and nurture
-evolutionary factors; fear of predators
-cognitive
-culture bound disorders
GABA
- low levels; reactive nervous system and strong arousal response
psychoanalytic explanations for anxiety
neurotic anxiety; afriad to give into our nature behavior /urges
freud!
eating disorder; anorexia
- fear of being faT
-restricts food intake
-cause; perfectionists
eating disorder; bulimia
-binge eats and then purgesea
- cause; depressed and anxious
eating disorders; causes
-environmental, psychological, biological factors
-prominent in western culture
-personality and genetics
eating disorders cause; objectification theory
- cultural emphasis on viewing the body as an object
what is a mood disorder
innate emotion based disorder
clinical depression
characterised by the frequency, intensity, duration of symptom that is out of proportion to situation
-focus on failures rather than achievments
major depression
unable to function effectively
-must experience a major depressive episode; loss of interests
-appetite gain or loss, guilt, thoughts of death
-2 week symptome to diagnose
persistent depression disorder
less intense symptoms but last for a longer time period
4 components of mood disorders
emotional symptoms; depression
cognitive symptoms ; negative cognitions about life
motivational symptoms; lack thereof
somatic symptoms ; loss of weight, appetite, energy
bipolar disorder
- manic and depessive episodes
-to be diagnosed there doesnt have to be depressive eps
bipolar 1 disorder
extreme/more manic episodes and depressive episodes
bipolar 2 disorder
hypomania-less extreme mania
-mild elevated moods with extreme depressive moods
-must have a depressive episode to diagnos
causal factors in mood disorders; depression and bipolar
depression; genetics, underactivity of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin,
bipolar; strong genetics
both; environmental, cognitive processes, culture
casue for mood disorder; depressive cognitive triad
negative self thoughts about; the world, oneself, the future
-these thoughts come natural and cant be suppressed
somatic symptom disorder
-no known biological cause
-hypochondriasis; anxiety ab having illnesses
-functional neurological; blindess, numb touch comes out of nowhere w no known cause
ex) glove anesthesia
schizophrenia
-split mind
-alterations in thought, perception and conscioussness
-disconnection of reality; psychosis
-withdrawl from socializing
schiz type 1
-positive symptoms, addition of something
-delusions, hallucunations, disordered speech
schiz type 2
-negative symptoms, part of normal functioning but are missing ex) apathy, lack of emotion
-slowed speech or movement
dissociatuve disorders
- disruption in personality, the alteration in memory identity and awareness
-experiencing a disconnection
-related to trauma; a way to divide them from the event
dissociative amnesia
-selective memory loss following trauma about the trauma
dissociative fugue
-loss of all personal identity
-extreme form of amnesia
-the addition of a new identity, but can end suddenly and may not remember the new
caused from experienceing a traumatic event for several hours/days
dissociative identity disorder DID
-2 or more seperate personalities/identities
-a host and alters, each is unique
-early childhood develop
cause for DID; trauma dissociation theory
-severe stress related traumatic experience in ealry childhood
-their identity is not established yet and its easy to dissociate
personality disorders
-exhibit stable ingrained inflexible and maldaptive ways of thinking feeling and behaving
-extreme levels of personality traits
BPD
-instability in behavior emotion and identity;
-emotional dysregulation
-intense and unstable personal relationships
-impulsive behavior
causes fot BPD
environemt and biological factors
-rejection, childhood trauma, physical and psychosocial abandoment
antisocial personality disorder
-lack of conscience
-disregard for rules and laws because lack of anxiety
-exhibit little anxiety or guilt or concern for others
-highly manipulative, high in charisma, fakes sincerity
