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PSYCH 105 > 1. METHODS AND MEASURES > Flashcards

1. METHODS AND MEASURES Flashcards

INTRO

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1
Q

EMPIRICISM

A

KNOWLEDGE BASED ON OUR EXPERIENCES
CONS- BIAS AND SUBJECTIVE

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2
Q

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

A

SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE TO DESCRIBE PREDICT AND EXPLAIN CONCEPTS

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3
Q

STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHID

A

IDENTIFY-FORM-TEST-ANALYZE-BUILD

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4
Q

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

A

CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL AND IN THE MIDDLE

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5
Q

SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

A

AYSYMMMETRY DISTRIBUTION OF DATA THAT CLUSTER TO ONE SIDE

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6
Q

POSTITIVE SKEWED

A

CLUSTER TO THE LEFT AND THE TAIL LEADS RIGHT

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7
Q

NEGATIVE SKEWED

A

CLUSTER TO THE RIGHT AND TAIL LEADING UP FROM THE LEFT

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8
Q

RANGE

A

VALUE OF LARGEST MEASUREMENT IN A FREQUENCY DISTRUBUTION, MINUS THE SMALLEST

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9
Q

FREWUENCY DISTRUBUTION

A
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10
Q

STANDARD DEVIATION

A

AVERAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS IN A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND THE MEAN OF THAT DISTRUBUTION
-AMOUNT OF VARIATION BETWEEN THAT DATA

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11
Q

MEAN

A

AVERAGE

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12
Q

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

A

DEFINES A VARIABLE TO GIVE IT A SPECIFIC PROCEDURE THATS USED TO MEAURE OR MEASURE
-DATA IS UNDERSTOOD OBJECTIVELY THROUGH OBSERVATION RESEARCH

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13
Q

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY = A GOOD MEASUREMENT?

A

reliability-IT IS CONSISTENT OVER TIME
VALIDITY- MEASUREMENT MUST BE RELATED TO THE STUDY

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14
Q

SELF REPORT MEASURES

A

QUESTIONNAIRES, INTERVIEWS- THEY REPORT SUBJECTIVELY
CONS- SOCIAL DESIRABILITY BIAS
SOLUTION- USE DIFFERENT WORDING, CONFIDENTIALITY

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15
Q

OBSERVATIONAL MEASURES FOR EXPERIMENT

A

MEASURES OVERT/OBVIOUS BEHAVIOR
REQUIRES AN OPERATIONAL DEF OF THE BEHAVIOUR (DV)
OBSERVERS MUST BE TRAINED
CONS- CAN CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR WHILE BEING OBSERVED, DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

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16
Q

PARTICIPATION; DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

A

FORM AN INTERPRETATION OF THE EXPERIEMENT’S PURPOSE THAT SUBCONSCIOUSLY CHANGES THEIR BEHAVIOR
SOLUTION- UNOBSTRUCTIVE MEASURES

17
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS TYPES

A

MEASURE PARTICULAR VARIABLES- LIKE PERSONALITY, INTELLIGENCE

18
Q

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES OF THE BODY

A

HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE ETC, BIO
CON- WE DONT KNOW WHAT THESES CHANGES COULD MEAN

19
Q

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

A

EXPLAINS HOW AN INDIVIDUAL BEHAVES
. OBSERVES BEHAVIOR TO EXPLAIN IT
EX) CASE STUDIES, NAT OBSERVATION, SURVEYS
CON- NO CONTROLS

20
Q

DESCRIPTIVE RES; NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION

A

ADV- RICH DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOR AVOIDS DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
CON- CANT INFORM THEM, REQUIRES LONG PERIODS

21
Q

DESCRIPTIVE RES; SURVEY RESEARCH

A

QUESTIONS VIA QUESTIONNAIRE OR INTERVIEW
EX) POLITICAL POLL, MARKETING

22
Q

DESCRIP RES; SURVEY’ POPULATION

A

AN ENTIRE SET OF INDIVIDUALS WHO WE THEORETICALLY WANT TO ASK THESE QUESTIONS TO

23
Q

DESCRIP RES; SURVEY; SAMPLE

A

A SUBSET OF INDIVIDUALS DRAWN FROM A POPULATION

24
Q

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE

A

REFLECTS THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION, IN THE SAME PROPORTION

25
Q

RANDOM SAMPLE

A

EVERY MEMBER OF THE POPULATION HAS AN EQUAL PROBABILITY OF BEING CHOSEN

26
Q

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

A

LOOKS FOR ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 2 OR MORE MEASURED VARIABLES THROUGH STAT
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES
EX) DOES BIRTH ORDER IMPACT PERSONALITY?
CORRELATION DOES NOT = CAUSATION

27
Q

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH- THIRD VARIABLE PROBLEM

A

2 VARIABLES MAY BE RELATED TO EACH OTHER BC THEY ARE BOTH CASUALLY RELATED TO A THRID VARIABLE
=NO CAUSATION BETWEEN INITIAL 2 VARIABLES

28
Q

NEGATIVE CORRELATION

A

INCREASE IN ONE VARIABLE = AN DECREASE IN THE OTHER
EX) MORE EXERCISE =LESS LIKELY GETTING HEALTH ISSUES

28
Q

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH; CORRELATION COEFF

A

DESCRIBES RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 2 VARIABLES, ON A -1 TO +1 SCALE
ABSOLUTE VALUE/ NUMBER= STRENGTH

29
Q

POSITIVE CORRELATION

A

INCREASE IN ONE VARIABLE = INCREASE IN THE OTHER

30
Q

SCATTERPLOTS

A

USED TO DEPICT CORRELATIONS CASUALLY WITH A GRAPH
ADV- SHOWS STRENGTH, PREDICTS, REAL WORLD ASSOCIATIONS
CON- CANT ASSUME CAUSE EFFECT, 3RD VARIABLE POSS

31
Q

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

A
  1. 2 CONDITIONS TO MANIPULATE 1 VARIABLE
    EX) LOUD TRAFFIC NOISE VS QUIET
  2. THEN, MEASURING CHANGES IN ANOTHER VARIABLE
    -MANIPULATION OF VARIABLES!
  3. HOLDING ALL FACTORS CONSTANT THAT CREATES A CONTROL FOR THE VARIABLE
32
Q

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

A

THE VARIABLE THAT IS MANIPULATED
EX) THE TRAFFIC NOISE

33
Q

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

A

VARIABLE THAT IS MEASURED IN THE STUDY
EX) HOW PEOPLE REACT
-IT IS INFLUENCED BY THE IV

34
Q

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; BETWEEN GROUPS OR SUBJECT

A

EACH GROUP IS COMPOSED OF DIFF SET OF PARTICIPANTS
THRERE ARE 2 GROUPS FOR 2 TREATMENTS
EX) PEOPLE USED TO TRAFFIC NOISE VS NOT

35
Q

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; REPEATED MEASURES/ WITHIN SUBJECT

A

EACH PARTICIPANT IS EXPOSED TO ALL THE CONDITIONS OF AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
-ONE GROUP FOR 2 TREATMENTS

36
Q

ETHICS

A

PROTECT, AVOID DOING HARM, BENEFIT OVER RISK, CONSENT, PRIVACY

PSYCH 105 (10 decks)

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