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PSYCH 105 > 2. LANGUAGE > Flashcards

2. LANGUAGE Flashcards

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1
Q

LANGUAGE

A

FORM OF COMMUNICATION THAT USES SYSTEMATIC SYMBOLS AND RULES

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2
Q

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

A

SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE

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3
Q

PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGE

A

-: SYMBOLIC AND STRUCTURED( RULES)
SOUNDS, SIGNS, GESTURES
THAT CREATE MEANGINGFUL COMMUNICATION.
THESE ARE OUR MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS

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4
Q

PROPS OF LANGUAGE; SYNTAX

A

rules that govern the order of words/LETTERS

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5
Q

PROPS OF LANGUAGE; SEMANTICS

A

THE MEANING OF WORDS AND SENTENCES, ONCE LEARNED YOU CAN FORM AND TRANSFER MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS THAT HAVE MEANING
-CONTEXT IS IMPORTANT FOR THAT MEANING

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6
Q

PROPS OF LANGUAGE; GENERATIVITY

A

COMBINE SYMBOLS TO GENERATE INFINITE MESSAGES IE THE ALPHABET

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7
Q

PROPS OF LANGUAGE; DISPLACEMENT

A

CAN COMMUNICATE ABOUT THINGS NOT PHYSICALLY PRESENT
-DIFFERENT EVENTS/OBJECTS
-PAST AND FUTURE EVENTS, CURRENTLY EXIST OR HYPOTHETICAL

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8
Q

2 TYPES OF STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE

A

SURFACE STRUCTURE, DEEPMSTRUCTURE

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9
Q

SURFACE STRUCTURE

A

WAYS SYMBOLS ARE COMBINED; SYNTAX; GRAMMAR

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10
Q

DEEP STRUCTURE

A

UNDERLYING MEANING OF COMBINED SYMBOLS; SEMANTICS

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11
Q

HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE

A

PHONEMES;
MORPHEMES;

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12
Q

MORPHEME

A

EX) PRE, UN, S, THE
-COMBO OF PHONEMES, CREATES/INDICATES SMALLEST UNIT OF MEANING

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13
Q

DISCOURSE

A

COMBINING SENTENCES INTO LARGER FORMATS; BOOKS, SPOKEN COMMUNICATION, ESSAYS

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14
Q

PRODUCING LANGUAGE; THE ROLE OF BOTTOM UP PROCESSING

A

INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF A STIMULUS ARE COMBINED TO FORM A UNIFIED PERCEPTION
EX) PHONEMES –>WORDS
-WE RECOGNIZE A WORD FROM ASSOCIATING A SYBMBOL TO A MEANING

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15
Q

UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE; TOP-DOWN PROCESSING

A

SENSORY INFORMATION IS INTERPRETED IN LIGHT OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE, CONCEPTS, IDEAS AND EXPECTATIONS
EX) HANGMAN, MENTAL STEPS ARE THE FRAME WORK TO INTERPRET STIMULI
-LANGUAGE IS OVERALL A TOP DOWN PROCESS BECAUSE OF PRE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE

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16
Q

SPEECH SEGMENTATION

A

PERCEIVING WHERE EACH WORD BEGINS AND ENDS WITHIN A SPOKEN SENTENCE
TRICKS; EMPHASING 2+ SYLABUS WORDS TO IMMITATE A BREAK

17
Q

PRAGMATICS; SOCIAL CONTEXT OF LANGUAGE

A

–UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL CONTEXT TO RESPOND
-CONTEXT MATTERS! CLARITY AND TONE
-PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USING LANGUAGE

18
Q

2 RULES OF GENERAL COMMUNICATION

A
  1. BE CLEAR TO YOUR AUDIENCE, WORD CHOICE AND COMPLEXITY- BE CLER
  2. USING THE WRONG TONE IS A VIOLATION OF PRAGMATICS
19
Q

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE

A

INNATE BIO MECHANISM THAT CONTAINS GRAMMATICAL RULES THAT ARE COMMON TO ALL LANGUAGES
-UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
-GRAMMAR - LANGUAGE DETERMINANT

20
Q

EARLY SOCIAL LEARNING ; PARENTS ENGAGMENT

A
  • -CHILD DIRECTED SPEECH;
  • HIGH PITCHED
  • MAINTAIN CHILDRENS ATTENTION
  • -NAMING OBJECTS, ASKING/ANSWERING QUESTIONS, READING TO THEM
21
Q

EARLY SOCIAL LEARNING PROCESSES; OPERANT CONDITIONING

A

-ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING PROCESS
1. POSOTIVE REINFORCEMENT
2. CORRECTION OF LANGUAGE

22
Q

EARLY SOCIAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT; LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SUPPORT SYSTEM

A

-SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENT FACILITATE LANGUAGE LEARNING
- LAD AND LAS INTERACT MUTUALLY TO SUPPORT DEVELOPEMENT!

23
Q

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IS INFLUENCED BY;

A
  1. ENVIRONMENT
  2. BIOLOGY
24
Q

SPEECH DEVELOPMENTAL TIMETABLE

A

COOING - 0-4 MONTHS
BABBLING 5-12 M
SINGLE WORDS 9-18 M
TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH 18-30 M

25
Q

LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY HYP

A

LANGUAGE DETERMINES THINKING

26
Q

INFLUENCES OF LANGUAGE

A

-HOW WE THINK
-HOW EFFICIENTLY WE CATEGORIZE EXPERIENCES
-HOW MUCH DETAIL WE ATTEND TO
-PERCEPTIONS
-DECISIONS
-CONCLUSIONS

27
Q

HOCKETTS DESIGN FEATURES; DISPLACEMENT

A

LANGUAGE CAN BE USED TO COMMUNICATE THINGS NOT PRESENT IN TIME AND SPACE

28
Q

HOCKETTS DESIGN FEATURES; LEARNABILITY

A

-ONE ANIMAL CAN LEARN TO USE A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE

29
Q

ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; ANT

A

-CHEMICAL COMMMUNICATION; PHEROMONES
-BODY LANGUAGE; TOUCHING
-AUDITORY COMMUNICATION; CALLS TO OTHERS

30
Q

PRIMATE COMMUNICATION- VERVET MONKEYS

A

-3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOCALIZATIONS DEPENDING ON PREDATOR

31
Q

PRIMATE COMMUNICATION; SEMANTICITY

A

FIXED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN UNITS OF LANGUAGE AND ASPECTS OF THE WORLD

32
Q

PRIMATE VOCALIZATION; attributes

A
  • SEMANTICITY
    -ARBITRARINESS
    -DISCPLACEMT
    -PRODUCTIVITY
    -CULTURAL TRANSMISSION
33
Q

UNDERPINNINGS; SOCIAL WORLD TEST

A

-SOLVING A PROBLEM BY SOMEONE ELSE’S SOLUTION:
—FOLLOWING EYE GAZE
—INTERPRETING COMMUNICATION GESTURES

34
Q

UNDERPINNINGS; PHYSICAL WORLD TESTS

A

-TOOL USE
-NUMERICAL DISCRIMINATION, SMALL AND LARGE NUMBERS
-LOCATING REWARDS

35
Q

LANGUAGE CHANGES; GENETIC DRIFT

A

MUTATIONS SPREAD RANDOMLY BY WORLD EVENTS THAT SPLIT POPULATIONS

36
Q

LANGUAGE CHANGES; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION

A

MUTATIONS THAT ENHANCE PROSPECT OF PASSING ON GENES

PSYCH 105 (10 decks)

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