2. LANGUAGE Flashcards
LANGUAGE
FORM OF COMMUNICATION THAT USES SYSTEMATIC SYMBOLS AND RULES
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE
PROPERTIES OF LANGUAGE
-: SYMBOLIC AND STRUCTURED( RULES)
SOUNDS, SIGNS, GESTURES
THAT CREATE MEANGINGFUL COMMUNICATION.
THESE ARE OUR MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS
PROPS OF LANGUAGE; SYNTAX
rules that govern the order of words/LETTERS
PROPS OF LANGUAGE; SEMANTICS
THE MEANING OF WORDS AND SENTENCES, ONCE LEARNED YOU CAN FORM AND TRANSFER MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS THAT HAVE MEANING
-CONTEXT IS IMPORTANT FOR THAT MEANING
PROPS OF LANGUAGE; GENERATIVITY
COMBINE SYMBOLS TO GENERATE INFINITE MESSAGES IE THE ALPHABET
PROPS OF LANGUAGE; DISPLACEMENT
CAN COMMUNICATE ABOUT THINGS NOT PHYSICALLY PRESENT
-DIFFERENT EVENTS/OBJECTS
-PAST AND FUTURE EVENTS, CURRENTLY EXIST OR HYPOTHETICAL
2 TYPES OF STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE
SURFACE STRUCTURE, DEEPMSTRUCTURE
SURFACE STRUCTURE
WAYS SYMBOLS ARE COMBINED; SYNTAX; GRAMMAR
DEEP STRUCTURE
UNDERLYING MEANING OF COMBINED SYMBOLS; SEMANTICS
HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF LANGUAGE
PHONEMES;
MORPHEMES;
MORPHEME
EX) PRE, UN, S, THE
-COMBO OF PHONEMES, CREATES/INDICATES SMALLEST UNIT OF MEANING
DISCOURSE
COMBINING SENTENCES INTO LARGER FORMATS; BOOKS, SPOKEN COMMUNICATION, ESSAYS
PRODUCING LANGUAGE; THE ROLE OF BOTTOM UP PROCESSING
INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF A STIMULUS ARE COMBINED TO FORM A UNIFIED PERCEPTION
EX) PHONEMES –>WORDS
-WE RECOGNIZE A WORD FROM ASSOCIATING A SYBMBOL TO A MEANING
UNDERSTANDING LANGUAGE; TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
SENSORY INFORMATION IS INTERPRETED IN LIGHT OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE, CONCEPTS, IDEAS AND EXPECTATIONS
EX) HANGMAN, MENTAL STEPS ARE THE FRAME WORK TO INTERPRET STIMULI
-LANGUAGE IS OVERALL A TOP DOWN PROCESS BECAUSE OF PRE EXISTING KNOWLEDGE
SPEECH SEGMENTATION
PERCEIVING WHERE EACH WORD BEGINS AND ENDS WITHIN A SPOKEN SENTENCE
TRICKS; EMPHASING 2+ SYLABUS WORDS TO IMMITATE A BREAK
PRAGMATICS; SOCIAL CONTEXT OF LANGUAGE
–UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL CONTEXT TO RESPOND
-CONTEXT MATTERS! CLARITY AND TONE
-PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF USING LANGUAGE
2 RULES OF GENERAL COMMUNICATION
- BE CLEAR TO YOUR AUDIENCE, WORD CHOICE AND COMPLEXITY- BE CLER
- USING THE WRONG TONE IS A VIOLATION OF PRAGMATICS
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE
INNATE BIO MECHANISM THAT CONTAINS GRAMMATICAL RULES THAT ARE COMMON TO ALL LANGUAGES
-UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
-GRAMMAR - LANGUAGE DETERMINANT
EARLY SOCIAL LEARNING ; PARENTS ENGAGMENT
- -CHILD DIRECTED SPEECH;
- HIGH PITCHED
- MAINTAIN CHILDRENS ATTENTION
- -NAMING OBJECTS, ASKING/ANSWERING QUESTIONS, READING TO THEM
EARLY SOCIAL LEARNING PROCESSES; OPERANT CONDITIONING
-ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING PROCESS
1. POSOTIVE REINFORCEMENT
2. CORRECTION OF LANGUAGE
EARLY SOCIAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT; LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SUPPORT SYSTEM
-SOCIAL FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENT FACILITATE LANGUAGE LEARNING
- LAD AND LAS INTERACT MUTUALLY TO SUPPORT DEVELOPEMENT!
LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT IS INFLUENCED BY;
- ENVIRONMENT
- BIOLOGY
SPEECH DEVELOPMENTAL TIMETABLE
COOING - 0-4 MONTHS
BABBLING 5-12 M
SINGLE WORDS 9-18 M
TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH 18-30 M
LINGUISTIC RELATIVITY HYP
LANGUAGE DETERMINES THINKING
INFLUENCES OF LANGUAGE
-HOW WE THINK
-HOW EFFICIENTLY WE CATEGORIZE EXPERIENCES
-HOW MUCH DETAIL WE ATTEND TO
-PERCEPTIONS
-DECISIONS
-CONCLUSIONS
HOCKETTS DESIGN FEATURES; DISPLACEMENT
LANGUAGE CAN BE USED TO COMMUNICATE THINGS NOT PRESENT IN TIME AND SPACE
HOCKETTS DESIGN FEATURES; LEARNABILITY
-ONE ANIMAL CAN LEARN TO USE A DIFFERENT LANGUAGE
ANIMAL COMMUNICATION; ANT
-CHEMICAL COMMMUNICATION; PHEROMONES
-BODY LANGUAGE; TOUCHING
-AUDITORY COMMUNICATION; CALLS TO OTHERS
PRIMATE COMMUNICATION- VERVET MONKEYS
-3 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOCALIZATIONS DEPENDING ON PREDATOR
PRIMATE COMMUNICATION; SEMANTICITY
FIXED ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN UNITS OF LANGUAGE AND ASPECTS OF THE WORLD
PRIMATE VOCALIZATION; attributes
- SEMANTICITY
-ARBITRARINESS
-DISCPLACEMT
-PRODUCTIVITY
-CULTURAL TRANSMISSION
UNDERPINNINGS; SOCIAL WORLD TEST
-SOLVING A PROBLEM BY SOMEONE ELSE’S SOLUTION:
—FOLLOWING EYE GAZE
—INTERPRETING COMMUNICATION GESTURES
UNDERPINNINGS; PHYSICAL WORLD TESTS
-TOOL USE
-NUMERICAL DISCRIMINATION, SMALL AND LARGE NUMBERS
-LOCATING REWARDS
LANGUAGE CHANGES; GENETIC DRIFT
MUTATIONS SPREAD RANDOMLY BY WORLD EVENTS THAT SPLIT POPULATIONS
LANGUAGE CHANGES; DIRECTIONAL SELECTION
MUTATIONS THAT ENHANCE PROSPECT OF PASSING ON GENES
