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Periodontology > 5. Periodontal Pathogenesis > Flashcards

5. Periodontal Pathogenesis Flashcards

1
Q

5

Inflammation is linked to most chronic diseases of ____ and _______.

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2
Q

9

What is the etiologic role of bacterial plaque in periodontitis?

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3
Q

10

What determines susceptibility to periodontal disease?

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4
Q

10

What is the paradox with the role of inflammation that is seen in clinical manifestations of periodontitis?

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5
Q

11

Is periodontal disease caused by a single organism?

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6
Q

11

Is the bacteria that colonizes the subgingival sulcus found inside or outside the body?

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7
Q

12

What are 3 types of cells that are seen in clinically healthy gingiva that have protective features?

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8
Q

12

In clincially healthy gingiva, there is a steady state between ______ and _____.

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9
Q

14

The initial lesion develops within ______ of plaque accumulation and corresponds to __________.

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10
Q

14

The initital lesion shows slightly _____ vascular permeability.

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11
Q

14

What are two protective features that are starting to go to work when the initial lesion develops?

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12
Q

15

What does the early lesion correspond to?

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13
Q

15

What three things increase in the early lesion?

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14
Q

15

What two cells will be active when the early lesions develops?

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15
Q

15

Where does collagen destruction occur with the early lesion?

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16
Q

15

What percent of collagen destruction occurs in the early lesion?

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17
Q

15

What epithelium is proliferating during the early lesion?

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18
Q

16

What does the established lesion correspond to?

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19
Q

16

What are three cells involved in the established lesion?

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20
Q

16

There is elevated release of ____ and ______ from PMNs in the established lesion.

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21
Q

17

The advanced lesion corresponds to ______.

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22
Q

17

What are two cells involved in the advanced lesion?

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23
Q

17

What does the JE do in the advanced lesion?

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24
Q

17

In the advanced lesion, where does the collagen destruction extend into?

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25
Q

18

What does the majority of tissue destruction result from in periodontitis and what drives and perpetuates that inflammation?

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26
Q

19

What are the two components of LPS?

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27
Q

19

Where is LPS found in gram negative bacteria?

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28
Q

19

What kind of toxin is LPS?

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29
Q

19

What receptor recognizes LPS?

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30
Q

19

What is the TLR receptor that recognizes microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and is found on innate immune cells like macrophages and dendritic cells?

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31
Q

20

________ has an atypical LPS that is recognized by both _____ and ______.

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32
Q

21

What are the two host responses to LPS?

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33
Q

22

Does lipotechoic acid (LTA) stimulate the immune response more or less potently than the LPS?

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34
Q

22

What is LTA a component of?

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35
Q

22

What receptor recognizes LTA?

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36
Q

23

What are 3 bacterial enzymes and noxious products that act as microbial virulence factors?

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37
Q

24

What is a bacterial enzyme produced by P. gingivalis?

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38
Q

25

What two bacteria invade gingival epithelium and connective tissue?

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39
Q

25

What bacteria invades oral epithelial cells?

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40
Q

25

Is bacteria in tissue removed by scaling and root planing?

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41
Q

26

What are three host-derived inflammatory mediators?

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42
Q

28

Which cytokine is elevated in gingivitis and periodontitis, correlates with diseases severity, and exacerbates inflammation and bone resorption?

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43
Q

28

What three molecules does IL-1B stimulate the production of?

A
44
Q

28

IL-1B is mainly produced by what three molecules?

A
45
Q

28

What two cytokines is IL-6 stimulated by?

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46
Q

28

Which cytokine is produced by T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts?

A
47
Q

28

What two things does IL-6 stimulate?

A
48
Q

29

What cytokine is secreted by macrophages in response to LPS?

A
49
Q

29

What does TNF-a stimulate development of?

A
50
Q

29

TNF-a causes apoptosis of what cells?

A
51
Q

29

TNF-a causes upregulation of what?

A
52
Q

30

What are prostaglandins derived from?

A
53
Q

30

What two things metabolize arachidonic acid?

A
54
Q

30

Is PGE-2 a vasodilator or constrictor?

A
55
Q

30

What 3 things does PGE2 stimulate?

A
56
Q

30

PGE2 is produced by what two things?

A
57
Q

30

What inhibits PGE2?

A
58
Q

31

MMPs are a family of proteolytic enzymes that degrade what three things?

A
59
Q

31

MMP-8 and MMP-9 are produced by PMNs. What do these two enzymes degrade?

A
60
Q

31

What cell produces MMP-1?

A
61
Q

32

What two things inhibit MMPs?

A
62
Q

32

What are three cells that produce tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)?

A
63
Q

33

How far from bone must inflammatory mediators be to stimulate bone resorption?

A
64
Q

34

What are the relative levels of RANKL and OPG with sites that have active periodontitis?

A
65
Q

34

What prevents binding of RANKL to RANK?

A
66
Q

35

What are three cells that resolve inflammation?

A
67
Q

35

Protectins are produced by what fatty acids?

A
68
Q

36

What are the two anti-inflammatory cytokines?

A
69
Q

38

Is the innate immune response improved as a result of previous exposure to pathogen in perio?

A
70
Q

40

Peripheral dendritic cells reside in the _____ and ingest antigen and transport it to the ______.

A
71
Q

40

What is the difference between monocytes and macrophages?

A
72
Q

40

What two cells orchestrate the chronic immune response?

A
73
Q

41

NK cells recognizes changes in which MHC class?

A
74
Q

43

Which lymphocyte is involved in stable (not progressing) periodontitis?

A
75
Q

43

What 2 adaptive immune cells are involved in active periodontits?

A
76
Q

45

CD4+ T cells help the immune response by providing proliferation and differentiation signals through ________.

A
77
Q

45

TH1 secretes _____ and activates ______.

A
78
Q

45

TH2 secretes what three cytokines?

A
79
Q

45

What type of immunity does TH2 regulate?

A
80
Q

47

B cells express ___ in the BCR before exposure to antigen.

A
81
Q

47

What do B cells differentiate to form in the absence of T cells?

A
82
Q

47

What do B cells differentiate into in the presence of T cells?

A
83
Q

47

Memory B cells give rise to plasma cells that secrete what three antibodies?

A
84
Q

49

What class of MHC do antigen presenting cells express?

A
85
Q

50

Complement is produced in the _____ and by ______.

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86
Q

50

Complement enables leukocytes to recognize and bind foreign substances for which they _______.

A
87
Q

51

What is the name for the complement intracellular effector system?

A
88
Q

52

What complement component increases vascular permeability and dilation?

A
89
Q

52

What are the two complement components that are anaphylotoxins that induce mast cell secretion and chemotaxins that attract leukocytes?

A
90
Q

52

What complement component is involved in opsonization?

A
91
Q

54

Defects in transendothelial migration are associated with ______.

A
92
Q

55

What are the 9 general steps of transendothelial migration?

A
93
Q

56

What is the molecule that is found on leukocytes and interacts with the endothelial surface to cause rolling of leukocyte along endothelium?

A
94
Q

56

What are the two molecules found on endothelial cells that bind leukocyte resulting in increased time that the leukocytes remain associated with the endothelium?

A
95
Q

56

What molecule binds ICAAM-2 (intracellular adhesion molecule) found on the endothelium to arrest leukocyte rolling?

A
96
Q

57

Which complement component is involved in chemotaxis to attract neutrophils?

A
97
Q

59

Which stages and grade of periodontitis have dysfunctional neutrophils?

A
98
Q

60

-Defect in neutrophil transendothelial migration
-Lack of extravascular neutrophils in periodontal tissues
-affects primary and permanent dentitions
-bacteria destroy host tissue unimpeded by normal host immune response

A
99
Q

62

What is the term for cyclic reduction in circulating neutrophils?

A
100
Q

64

What drug is used in sub-antimicrobial doses as an adjunct to treat periodontitis?

A

Periodontology (10 decks)

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