3. Gingival Diseases

Question 1

5

What are 4 defense mechanisms of the gingiva?

Question 2

6

What is the frontline barrier against microbial challenge?

Question 3

6

How many polymorphonuclear leukocytes does the JE allow per minute?

Question 4

6

What are two cytokines produced by JE?

Question 5

7

What may be used to help detect or diagnose active periodontal disease?

Question 6

9

What enzyme is found in the GCF and saliva that destroys collagen in the gingiva and alveolar bone?

Question 7

9

MMP-8 is associated with the initiation and progression of what?

Question 8

10

What would a chairside test for detecting MMP-8 levels help clinicians identify?

Question 9

12

What are three electrolytes found in the GCF?

Question 10

12

What cytokine is found in the GCF?

Question 11

12

What prostaglandin is found in the GCF?

Question 12

12

What three Igs are found in the GCF?

Question 13

13

What are two drugs secreted in the GCF?

Question 14

13

What type of effect does tetraycline have in the GCF?

Question 15

13

What is the clinical implication of Tetracyline and Metronidazole being secreted in the GCF?

Question 16

14

What are the two leukocyte types that are defense mechanisms in the gingiva?

Question 17

14

Leukocytes in the gingival sulcus are the major protective mechanism against what?

Question 18

15

What does saliva modulate bacterial activity with?

Question 19

16

What cleaves the cell wall of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemocomitans?

Question 20

16

What system is bactericidal to some Lactobacillus and Streptococcus strains?

Question 21

16

What is effective against Actinobacillus species?

Question 22

16

What is released by leukocytes and is bactericidal for Actinobacillus?

Question 23

17

What antibody predominates in the saliva? Which other two are also present?

Question 24

17

What are two enzymes found in the saliva?

Question 25

17

What do anti-proteases (cathepsins) inhibit?

Question 26

18

What system maitnains the pH of mucosal epithelial cell surface and tooth surface?

Question 27

18

What are three coagulation factors that protect wounds from bacterial invasion?

Question 28

22

What is involved with early detection of gingivitis?

Question 29

22

What is an early sign of gingivitis?

Question 30

23

What effect does smoking have on BOP? What might this result in?

Question 31

23

Warn patients who are quitting smoking that they may see an ____ in gingival bleeding.

Question 32

24

What is the word for firm, resilient gingiva?

Question 33

24

What is the term for soft, friable, shiny, bleeds easily, swelling, and loss of stippling gingival consistency?

Question 34

24

In chronic gingivitis, gingiva can become fibrotic again with an increased accumulation of what?

Question 35

28

What induces inflammatory gingival enlargement?

Question 36

28

What is an example of acute inflammatory gingival enlargement?

Question 37

29

Where is the gingival margin relative to the CEJ in a pseudopocket?

Question 38

29

Is a pseudopocket true attachment loss or no?

Question 39

33

Where does drug-induced gingival enlargement begin?

Question 40

33

Drug-induced gingval enlargement is the result of a combination of what two types of inflammation?

Question 41

34

Gingiva located where is the most affected in drug-induced gingival enlargement?

Question 42

34

Drug-induced gingival inflammation has a higher prevalence in what age group?

Question 43

34

Onset of drug-influenced gingival enlargement occurs within how many months of drug use?

Question 44

36

What is the recurrence rate with drug-induced gingival enlargement?

Question 45

38

Describe the gingiva in plasma cell gingivitis.

Question 46

38

Plasma cell gingivitis can be an allergic reaction to what?

Question 47

41

What is a focal fibrous hyperplasia as a tissue response to gingival enlargement?

Question 48

42

What virus is a papilloma associated with?

Question 49

43

What color is a pyogenic granuloma?

Question 50

43

What can occur during pregnancy?

Question 51

43

What is the recurrence rate of pyogenic granuloma after surgical removal?

Question 52

44

What colors can a peripheral giant cell granuloma be?

Question 53

44

Where are peripheral giant cell granulomas most commonly found?

Question 54

45

What is peripheral ossifying fibroma similar to?

Question 55

45

What is formed within the lesion of peripheral ossifying fibromas?

Question 56

45

What is required to get rid of a peripheral ossifying fibroma?

Question 57

46

What are the three P’s for a differential diagnosis?

Question 58

52

What is the most common malignant tumor of the gingiva?

Question 59

52

What are two characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma?

Question 60

52

Where can squamous cell carcinoma metastasize to?

Question 61

55

What is the second most common oral malignancy?

Question 62

55

Where may B and T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur?

Question 63

55

How does B and T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma appear? What may it mimic?

Question 64

58

What are 5 acute periodontal lesions?

Question 65

59

How does necrotizing gingivitis appear?

Question 66

59

How does the pseudomembrane appar in necrotizing gingivitis?

Question 67

60

What are the microbes involved in the etiology of necrotizing gingivitis?

Question 68

61

What is the treatment for necrotizing gingivitis?

Question 69

61

What can treat NG if fever and lymphadenopathy are present?

Question 70

61

What antimicrobial rinse can be used for treatment of NG?

Question 71

62

What age group is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis most common in?

Question 72

62

Primary infection of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is _____ in most cases.

Question 73

65

How long does primary herpetic gingivostomatitis course for?

Question 74

66

What is the treatment for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis if it is diagnosed within 3 days of onset?

Question 75

66

What reduces duration of symptoms and viral shedding and new lesion in primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Question 76

66

What CANNOT be used as a palliative treatment of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Question 77

67

What is a differential diagnosis for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

Question 78

68

What is the term for inflammation of gingiva at the crown of an incompletely erupted tooth?

Question 79

68

Where is pericornitis most commonly seen?

Question 80

71

What are three systemic diseases affecting the gingiva?

Question 81

72

What is the name for the systemic disease of necrotizing vasculitis of the upper and lower respiratory tract, kidneys, arteries, and veins?

Question 82

74

In Crohn’s disease, what may accompany asymptomatic intestinal involvement?

Question 83

75

What is the disease where there is abormal proliferation of leukocytes?

Question 84

75

In this disease, 90% of people present with oral manifestations such as petechiae, spontaneous bleeding, ulcers, gingival enlargement, and mucosal palor.