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My Anatomy and Physiology > 5. Nervous System > Flashcards

5. Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two branches of the STRUCTURAL nervous system?

A

Central nervous system which consists of brain and spinal cord

Peripheral nervous system which consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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2
Q

What are the two branches of the FUNCTIONAL nervous system?

A
  1. ) Somatic which is a.) motor - skeletal muscle and b.) sensory - pain, temperature, touch, pressure, proprioception and special senses
  2. ) Autonomic (viscera - any organs) which is a.) sympathetic and b.) parasympathetic
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3
Q

What is a neurone?

A

Nerve cell

Basic functional unit of the nervous system

Relays info between:

  • different regions of the CNS
  • CNS and PNS

CNS and other body systems

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4
Q

Label the neurone

A
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5
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of axons carrying information from the CNS to the rest of the body or from the rest of the body to the CNS

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6
Q

Where do nerves enter and level the CNS?

A

Cranial nerves

  • 12 pairs
  • arise from the brain

Spinal nerves

  • 31 pairs
  • arise from the spinal cord
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7
Q

Label the cross section of the brain

A
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8
Q

What is in the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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9
Q

What is in the brainstem?

A

Pons, medulla and midbrain

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10
Q

What is the function of the brains folded arangement?

A

Increases surface area

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11
Q

Where is the cerebellum?

A

Lies posterior to brainstem

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12
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Involved in maintenance of:

  • balance
  • posture
  • muscle tone

Co-ordinates movement

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13
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

Contains ascending and descending nerve fibre tracts

Cranial nerves III-XII arise from brain stem

Contains vital centres such as cardiovascular and respiratory centres

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14
Q

What does the thalamus do?

A

Important relay station for sensory information

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15
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Hormone secretion

Intergrating centre for ANS

Thermoregulation

Hunger and satiety centres

Thirst centre

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16
Q

Describe the cerebrum?

A

2 hemispheres

Sulci (burrows) and gyri (ridges)

Cortex is grey matter on outside of brain containing nerve cell bodies

Connecting fibres is white matter (axons with myelin make it appear white)

Basal gangli is grey matter

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17
Q

What and where is the longitudinal fissure?

A

Big sulci dividing two cerebral hemispheres

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18
Q

Label the lobes of the cerebrum

A
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19
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Motor cortex - involved in intellect, planning, mood, social judgement etc

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20
Q

What does the parietal lobe do?

A

Somatosensory cotex - general sensation and taste

21
Q

What does the temporal lobe do?

A

Auditory cortex

22
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

Visual cortex

23
Q

What do the positions s, p, i and a mean?

A

Superior - above

Posterior - behind

Inferior - below

Anterior - infront

24
Q

Where is the primary motor cortex?

A

Precentral gyrus

25
Q

Where is the primary sensory cortex?

A

Post central gyrus

26
Q

Label the cerebrum

A
27
Q

What are the symptoms of brocca damage?

A

Know what they want to say but struggle to say it

28
Q

What are the symptoms of wernicke damage?

A

Words are fine but word order and language bad

29
Q

What is the function of the meninges?

A

Protect brain from skull

30
Q

How many layers of protective tissue make up the meninges?

A

3 dura mater on outside, arachnoid mater in middle and pia mater in middle

31
Q

What is the dura mater like?

A

Outer layer, very durable, like big bag going around brain

32
Q

What is arachnoid mater like?

A

Things coming off looks like spider legs, sub arachnoid space is underneath

33
Q

What’s in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF

34
Q

What is the purpose of CSF?

A

Bathes brain and keeps it buoyant

35
Q

What is the pia mater like?

A

Pia mater covers all gyri and sulci and goes in depressions

36
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

The ventricles are interconnecting chambers that produce CSF

37
Q

Label and describe the ventricles

A

Lateral ventricles x2 (cerebral hemispheres)

Third ventricle (lateral walls formed by thalamus)

Cerebral aqueduct (connects 3rd to 4th ventricle)

Fourth ventricle (betwen brainstem and cerebellum)

38
Q

What supplies blood to brain?

A

Internal carotid arteries and certebral arteries

39
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

40
Q

Where do cranial nerves arise from?

A

From the brain (10 from brainstem)

41
Q

What kind of fibres do cranial nerves carry?

A

Some carry only motor fibres, some only sensory fibres and some both, four pairs also carry parasympathetic fibres

42
Q

Name the cranial nerves and their function

A

Nerve names: Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel (a) Virgin Girl’s Vagina And Hymen

Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, Trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Vestibulocochlear (formerly Auditory), Glossopharyngeal, Vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal

Nerve Function (Sensory, Motor, Both): Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Breasts Matter More

43
Q

Describe the spinal cord?

A

Supported and protected by vertebral column, continuous with brain stem, terminates at the conus medullaris (level L1)

44
Q

Name the spinal segments?

A

31 spinal segments and associated pairs of spinal nerves

from top to bottom:

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

45
Q

How many layers make up the spinal meninges and what are they called?

A

3 - dura mater on outside, arachnoid mater middle, pia mater inside

46
Q

Where is the majority of CSF produced?

A

Choroid plexus

47
Q

Where is CSF drawn from during lumbar puncture?

A

Subarachnoid space at Cauda equina (horses tail)

48
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

(Medullay cone) is Lower end of spinal cord

49
Q

Where is an epidural injected?

A

On dura mater

My Anatomy and Physiology (8 decks)

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