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B1 - Biology > 5 Energy In Biomass > Flashcards

5 Energy In Biomass Flashcards

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1
Q

Where’s does the main source of energy come from?

A

Radiation from the sun ( solar or light energy )

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2
Q

What is a pyramid of biomass? 2

A
  • the mass of living material at each stage of a food chain is less than the previous stage
  • the biomass at each stage can be drawn to scale into a biomass
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3
Q

What happens to the material and energy in the biomass of organisms at each stage of a food chain?

A

The amounts of biomass and energy et less at each successive stage in a food chain

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4
Q

Where does biomass come from?

A
  • The sun’s light energy is captured and used by green plants during photosynthesis to make new biomass
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5
Q

How is some energy transferred to the environment? 2

A
  • it is lost in waste materials

- by heating to the surroundings

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6
Q

Why do things decay?

A
  • because they are broken down (digested) by microorganisms
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7
Q

What conditions make materials decay faster? 3

A

Warm, moist conditions

Also sometimes oxygen

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8
Q

Why is the process of decay so important?

A

The decay processes release substances that plants need to grow

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9
Q

What is the carbon cycle in nature?

A

The constant cycling of carbon in nature

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10
Q

Which processes in the carbon cycle remove carbon in the carbon cycle?

A

Removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis

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11
Q

Which processes in the carbon cycle return carbon in the carbon cycle? 2

A

Respiration and combustion

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12
Q

Why should we recycle kitchen and garden waste? 3

A
  • reducing landfill
  • reducing the production of methane
  • recycling the minerals and nutrients in the organic material
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13
Q

How can we investigate the most effective way to recycle this organic waste?

A

Composting organic waste can be done in a variety of different ways

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14
Q

In plants and algae what is this carbon from carbon dioxide used for? 3

A

Proteins
Fats
Carbohydrates

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15
Q

What is the biomass of plants made up of? 3

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

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16
Q

How is carbon passed on to animals?

A

When it is eaten by the animal

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17
Q

Why is the amount of energy in the pyramid of biomass less at each stage?2

A
  • not all organisms at one stage are eaten by the stage above
  • some material and energy taken in is passed out as waste by the organism
18
Q

What are the waste products of decomposes? 3

A

Carbon dioxide
Water
Nutrients

19
Q

How is biomass used up when it is eaten?3

A
  • mostly for respiration to release energy for other functions
  • movement ( as the muscles contract they use up lots of energy )
  • heat ( muscle contraction and the chemical reactions produce heat which is given off to the surroundings
20
Q

What are the two main processes that return carbon back to the atmosphere? 2

A

Combustion

Respiration

21
Q

Why is it important to recycle organic kitchen or garden waste? 3

A
  • if buried at a landfill site the lack of oxygen prevents adequate decomposition
  • instead it leads to the formation of smelly slime which polluted rivers and streams
  • it releases methane that contributes to the greenhouse effect
22
Q

How can organic waste be recycled?2

A
  • by keeping compost the decomposes release the nutrients

- so they can be returned to the soil for future generations for plants and prevent further pollution a

23
Q

One advantage of growing herbicide resistant crops?

A

It means that you can kill the weeds without killing the crops

24
Q

Explain how microorganisms help to recycle materials? 3

A

They decay/decompose the material
They release nutrients by producing waste that plants use to grow
And respire to release carbon dioxide

25
Q

How do microorganisms add carbon to the environment?

A

Respiration

26
Q

How do fossil fuels add carbon to the atmosphere?

A

Combustion

27
Q

Why would a microorganism respire faster in a rainforest?

A

Warmer
Moister
More material to decay

28
Q

How can plants and animals adapt to reduce the risk of predators?

A

Camouflage - less likely to see prey
Warning colours - confuse prey with a poisonous organism
Streamlining - increase speed and outrun predator
Poison - not attack prey again, spit out prey
Large ears - detect predators earlier and can have a faster escape

29
Q

Explain how microorganisms add carbon back to the atmosphere?

A

Microorganisms
Decompose dead material
They respire
Repairs ruin releases carbon dioxide

30
Q

Describe how living organisms are involved in the carbon cycle?

A

Plants photosynthesise
Plants take in carbon dioxide
Plants use carbon to make protein, fat, carbohydrate, organic compounds

Animals eat plants

Plants respire
Animals respire
Respiration releases carbon dioxide

Plants and animals die

Microorganisms decompose dead organisms
They also respire

31
Q

Why does the population of plant plankton increase between February and April?

A

Increased temperature and light

More photosynthesis

32
Q

Why does the population of animal plankton change between April and July?

A

Increased food - increase population

Decrease as eaten by predators

33
Q

Why does decay occur more quickly when there is air?

A

Oxygen for aerobic respiration

34
Q

How does compost help growth?

A

Acts as fertiliser

Gives plant more minerals / nutrients / ions

35
Q

What conditions inside compost heaps help microbes work quickly?

A

Warmth
Moisture
Oxygen

36
Q

Why is the breakdown of dead plants important for living plants?

A

Nutrients from dead plants fertilise the soil

37
Q

What are nitrates used for in plants?

A

Amino acids

Proteins

38
Q

If a plant had a lack of nitrates what happens?

A

Stunted growth

39
Q

Meh at does a plant use magnesium for?

A

Producing chrophyll

40
Q

If s plant had a lack of magnesium what happens?

A

Yellow leaves

41
Q

Suggest why energy transfer from sunlight to plants not very large?

A

Not all absorbs
Inefficient photosynthesis
Some lost through respiration
Other limiting factors

42
Q

Why might you not be able to find the number of organisms in the wheat field?

A

Too many of the organism to count
Animals may hide
They could move
Count organisms twice

B1 - Biology (7 decks)

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