4 Adaptation For Survival Flashcards
How do organisms survive in many different conditions?
Organisms have features ( adaptations ) that enable them to survive in the conditions in which they normally live
What is an extremophile?
An animal that has adaptations enabling them to live in extreme conditions of salt, temperature or pressure
What do plants need to survive?6
- light
- carbon dioxide
- water
- oxygen
- nutrients
To produce glucose energy in order to survive
What do animals need in order to survive? 3
- food from other living organisms
- water
- oxygen
How are herbivore adapted to eat plants?
They have teeth for grinding up plant cells
How are carnivores adapted for eating meat?
They have teeth adapted for testing flesh or crushing bones
How do animals adapt to hot dry climates?4
Long eyelashes - dust out of eyes
Fat stores to convert fat to water via respiration
Wide feat to spread weight
Reduced body fat - reduces insulation
Increase surface area - increases heat loss by radiation
Decrease surface area - reduce area ofwater loss
Nocturnal to reduce sweat loss
How do animals adapt to very cold climates?3
- small surface area : volume ratio
- thick insulating layers of fat and fur
- small ears / feat to reduce energy loss
What advantage does changing coat colour all year round give?
Camouflage all year round
How do plants loose water?
Plants lost water vapour from the surface of their leaves (transpiration)
How are plants adapted to live in dry conditions?
Fewer stomata to reduce transpiration
Thick stem stores water
Thick wax layer to reduce transpiration
- having extensive root systems absorb more water
- curled leaves to reduce the surface area for transpiration
What do animals compete for? 3
Food
Territory
Mates
What is competition?
When animals compete with eachother for food territories and mates
What makes an animal a good competitor?
An animal that is adapted to be better at finding food or a mate than the other members of its own species
What do plants compete for?3
Light
Water
Nutrients ( minerals ) from the soil
Space
What non living factors affect the distribution of living things? 6
- water
- sunlight
- temperature
- rainfall
- oxygen concentration
- ph water / soil
How can we measure environmental changes?4
- by non living indicators eg oxygen meters, rain gauges, thermometers
What living factors affect the distribution of organisms? 3
Food source
Predators
Nesting sites
Why might an organism not be able to live near to the high tide level?
Wrong food
Exposed to specific predators
Can’t tolerate high salt concentration
Can’t tolerate reduced contact with seawater
What do animals compete for?
Food Mates Land Territory Status
How can a disease resistant gene cause population to re increase?
Mutant gene
Provides advantage
So survivors reproduce
Gene passed on
How do plants adapt to cold environments?
Smaller leaves - reduced transpiration
Shallow root systems - avoids permafrost
Close to ground - reduces wind damage
How does information pass from a relay neurone to a motor neurone?
Release of chemical from relay
Chemical crosses gap by diffusion
Chemical attatched to motor neurone causing impulse
How do swollen leaves help a plant survive?
Stores water from other parts in the plant
