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B1 - Biology > 2 Coordination And Control > Flashcards

2 Coordination And Control Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a receptor?

A

They are cells that detect stimuli ( changes in the environment )

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2
Q

What is inside a receptor cell? 3

A

A nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane

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3
Q

How do you respond to changes in your surroundings? 2

A
  • impulses from receptors pass along sensory neurons to the brain or spinal cord - impulses are sent along motor neurons from the brain to the effector organs
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4
Q

What is a reflex?

A

Some responses to stimuli are automatic and rapid and are called reflex actions

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5
Q

Why are reflex actions so important?

A

Reflex actions run everyday bodily functions and help you avoid danger

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6
Q

How is the menstrual cycle controlled?

A
  • hormones control the release of an egg from the ovary - and the build-up of the lining of the womb in the menstrual cycle
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7
Q

What is ovulation?

A

When 14 days after the egg starts maturing it is released from the ovary

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8
Q

How can hormones be used to stop pregnancy?

A
  • oral contraceptives contain hormones which stop FSH production so no eggs can mature
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9
Q

What does FSH do?

A

Makes eggs mature in the ovaries

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10
Q

How are conditions inside your body controlled?

A

Homeostasis and it is the result of the coordination of your nervous system, your hormones and your body organs

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11
Q

What three neurons do reflex actions involve?

A

1 sensory neurons 2 motor neurons 3 relay neurons ( connecting 1&2 )

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12
Q

What stimuli do plants respond to? 3

A

Light Moisture Gravity

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13
Q

Why do plants respond to their environment?

A

Because of the hormone auxin

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14
Q

Why do farmers and gardeners use plant hormones?

A

We can use plant growth hormones as weed killers and as rooting hormone cuttings

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15
Q

How much should we use plant hormones to produce our food?

A

Plant hormones are very useful as weed killers but can be damaging to the environment

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16
Q

Why do you need a nervous system?

A

The nervous system uses electrical impulses to enable you to react quickly to your surroundings and coordinate what you do

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17
Q

What are the junctions between nerves called?

A

Synapses

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18
Q

What are the five stages of a reflex action?5

A

Stimulus Receptor Coordinator Effector Response

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19
Q

Give an example of something that is a reflex action?2

A

When something is near your face you blink When something is hot you pull your hand back

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20
Q

When is ovulation

A

About 14 days after the egg starts maturing

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21
Q

What are the five stages of your nervous system? 5

A

Receptor Sensory neurons Coordinator Motor neuron Effector

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22
Q

What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron? 2

A
  • the cells which carry impulses from your sense organs to your central nervous system - the cells which carry information from the CNS to the rest of your body are motor neurons
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23
Q

What is the name of the hormone in plants?

A

Auxin

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24
Q

What three things to plants respond to?

A

Light Moisture Gravity

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25
Q

How does a plant respond to gravity and moisture?

A

Its roots grow in the direction of gravity/moisture

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26
Q

Where is auxin produced in plants?

A

The root tip

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27
Q

When light shines on to one side of a plant what happens?

A

Auxin accumulates on the side opposite to the lift source Becoming unevenly distributed So growth in side of most auxin

28
Q

What gland secretes FSH?

A

Pituitary gland

29
Q

What gland secretes oestrogen?

A

Ovaries

30
Q

What does FSH do?

A

It stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen

31
Q

What does oestrogen do?

A

It stimulates the lining of the womb to build up ready for pregnancy It slows down the production of more FSH

32
Q

Where is the pituitary gland?

A

The lower part of the brain

33
Q

How do the ovaries and the pituitary gland work together?

A

As the oestrogen levels rise they slow down the production of FSH and encourage production of LH by the pituitary gland. When LH levels peak in the middle of the cycle they stimulate the release of a mature egg

34
Q

Which two hormones will help women produce and release mature eggs?

A

LH and FSH

35
Q

Describe the key features of asexual reproduction?

A

No fusion f gametes Only one parent No mixing of genetic material No genetic variation

36
Q

What is the name of the junction between neutrons?

A

Synapse

37
Q

How is information passed across this junction?

A

Chemically

38
Q

Describe the blink reflex?

A

Light sensitive cell to sensory neuron Sensory neurone to brain Brain to motor neurone Motor neurone to eyelid muscle

39
Q

How can hormones be used to prevent pregnancy?

A

Inhibits FSH production So the egg does not mature

40
Q

What sense organs would detect how safe it is to cross a road?

A

Eyesight Hearing

41
Q

Which sense organs help you to keep your balance?

A

Ears

42
Q

What are stimulus’ detected by?

A

Receptor

43
Q

What is the name of the cell which impulses travel to the centeral nervous system along?

A

The sensory neurone

44
Q

What is the name of the cell which impulses travel from the centeral nervous system to the effector?

A

Motor neuron

45
Q

What does the moving in a reflex?

A

Muscle

46
Q

Where in the body are cells sensitive to light?

A

Eyes

47
Q

Where in the body are cells sensitive to changes in position?

A

Ears

48
Q

How is information passed from a sensory neurone to a motor neurone?

A

Chemically

49
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Stimulates the release of a MATURE egg cell

50
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

It stimulates the development of IMMATURE cells into eggs in the ovary

51
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Inhibits production of both LH and FSH

52
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A

It stimulates the production of LH but inhibits FSH production

53
Q

Why does progesterone continue to be produced the ought pregnancy?

A

Continues to inhibit FSH production and LH So that no eggs are matured or released Because danger to later convicted fetid if two develop in the uterus

54
Q

How could FSH be used to treat infertility?

A

Could stimulate eggs to mature in woman whose own level of FSH is too low

55
Q

How could LH be used to treat infertility?

A

Could stimulate egg release when a woman’s own LH production depressed by oestrogen

56
Q

Once eggs are developed why are they released?

A

Oestrogen produced by ovary LH produced by pituitary gland LH causes egg release

57
Q

What is a hormone?

A

A substance released in one part onto have an effect elsewhere in the body

58
Q

How are hormones transported around the body?

A

In blood

59
Q

How does sweating help the body?

A

Reduces body temperature

60
Q

On a hot day in terms of water what is different?

A

More sweat less urine

61
Q

Describe a reflex when someone touches a hot pan?

A

Heat detected by receptors in skin

Impulses travel along sensory neurone

To spinal cord

Chemical transmission across synapse

Via relay neurone

Impulses to muscle

Via motor neurone

Muscle contracts moving hand

62
Q

What is the name of the structure that detects the stimulus?

A

Receptor

63
Q

What is the name of the neurone that carries impulses to the central nervous system?

A

Sensory neurone

64
Q

What is the name of the neurone that carries impulses away from the central nervous system?

A

Motor neurone

65
Q

Describe what happens at a synapse when an impulse arrive?

A

information passes from one neurone to another

information passes across gap

by chemical diffusion

66
Q

Describe the role of hormones in IVF treatment?

A

FSH or LH injected

FSH causes eggs to mature

LH stimulates egg released

67
Q
A

B1 - Biology (7 decks)

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