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Anatomy Module II > 5-Digestive System-I-Oral Cavity > Flashcards

5-Digestive System-I-Oral Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Oral cavity parts

A
  • Vestibule(space between lips, cheeks, teeth

- Oral cavity proper( hard & soft palate, tongue nad floor of mouth, entrance o oropharynx)

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2
Q

Functions of oral cavity

A
  • Propulsion
  • Initiation of digestion
  • Protection( Oral mucosa separates and deeper tissues, prevents microorganisms from going into depper tissue, Tonsils provide immunological protection, forms impermeable barrier)
  • Sensation
  • Secretion
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3
Q

Oral mucosa types and tissue components

A

1) Masticatory mucosa
2) Lining mucosa
3) Specialized mucosa
- Epithelium and CT layers
- Sometimes submucosa
- Never muscularis mucosa in oral cavity

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4
Q

Masticatory mucosa

A
  • Stratified squamous keratinized or parakeratinized epithelium
  • covers gingiva, hard palate
  • difficult and painful to inect and infections spread slowly
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5
Q

Lining mucosa

A
  • Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
  • Covers surface of lips, cheeks, soft palate, inferior surface of the tongue, floor of the mouth
  • CT layers have elastic fibers
  • Impermeable except the floor of the mouth
  • easy, minimally painfully injections and infections spread quickly
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6
Q

Specialized mucosa

A

Dorsal surface eof the tongue

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7
Q

Lips function and parts

A

guard the passage to the oral cavity

1) cutaneous-skin SSKE with hair follicles and glands
2) Vermillion border- dry, red portion covered with thin keratinized skin, NOsweatglands ot hair follicles
3) Oral mucosa- inner mucous memebrane. Thick lining epithelium SSNKE

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8
Q

Alveolar mucosa

A

Mucous memebrane from the lip that is not attached

-reflection is called vestibular(mucolabial) fold

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9
Q

Gingiva

A
  • Oral mucosa surrounding an erupted tooth
  • Is tightly attached to the alveolar bone by dense fibrous CT
  • Gingival mucosa-faces oral cavity
  • Junctional epithelium(attachment epithelium) faces the tooth
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10
Q

Dentinogingival junction

A
  • potential risk in inflammation
  • basal cells rest at the typical basal lamina (outer,external) that interfaces with connective tissue
  • inner basal lamina adheres to the tooth surface, cells are attached by hemidesmosomes
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11
Q

Clinical significance of oral mucosa

A
  • CT can have fibrosis

- Epithelium form squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, leukoplakia of keritainized or parakeratinized epithelum

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12
Q

Tongue

A
  • Striated muscle with mucous membrane
  • muscle fibers arranged in 3 planes for precise movements
  • Function: speech, propulsion, digestion, swallowing
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13
Q

Tongue surfaces

A

Dorsal surface: Specialized epithelium, anterior 2/3 body and posterior 1/3 is the root, have lingual palilla
Ventral surface: lining mucosa

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14
Q

types of papillae

A
  • Filiform papillae
  • Foliate paillae
  • Fungiform papillae
  • circumvallate papillae
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15
Q

Filiform papillae

A

-Smallest most numerous
-no taste buds
-Structure:conical projections of connective tissue covered with highly keratinized SSE
-Function: forms and an abrasive surface for mechanical role
Location: all over tongue

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16
Q

Foliate papillae

A

Deep mucosal clefts

contain many taste buds in younger individuals poorly developed in adults

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17
Q

Fungiform papillae

A
  • Mushroom shaped scattered on dorsal surface
  • more numerous at tip of tongue
  • numerous taste buds
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18
Q

Circumvalate papillae

A

Large domed shaped located anterior to sulcus terminals

  • 8-12 on a tongue
  • surounded by moat like invaginations, multiple taste buds
  • Von Ebners glands produce serous product in the moat washes old taste
19
Q

Taste buds

A

Specilized clusters of epithelial cells 50-90 fusiform shaped cells in one taste pore.
-neuroepithelial, supporting and basal cells

20
Q

Neuroepithelial cells(sensory cells)

A
  • Microvilli that have receptors extend apically
  • form synapse with afferent sensory neurons
  • 7-10 day turnover
21
Q

Supporting cells

A

Microvilli on apical aspect

-do NOT synapse eith nerve cells

22
Q

Basal cells

A

Stem cells for supporting and neruoepithelial cells

23
Q

Saliva(general)

A

-fluid of the oral cavity
-First barrier again infection
-aids in speech and swallowing
-majority is made by 3 major glands
all are mixed mucous and serous except Von Ebner’s

24
Q

Saliva funtions

A
  • Moisten oral mucosa
  • moisten food- aid in swallowing
  • stimulate taste buds
  • buffers contents of oral cavity
  • tissue repair
  • digestion(amylase)
  • tooth development and maintenance
25
Q

Salivary gland structure

A
  • arise from developing oral cavity epithelium
  • secretory component and duct component
  • The blind end duct with secretary cells is the acini
26
Q

Acini types

A

1) Serous- only serous cells protein secretion from zymogen granules
2) mucous acini- cells contain mucinogen granules
3) Mixed acini both serous and mucous- Mucous cells appear to have a cap of serous cells called serous demilunes

27
Q

myoepithelial cells

A

Contractile cells that squeeze the acini

28
Q

Salivary duct types

A
  • Intercalated ducts
  • Striated ducts
  • Excretory ducts
29
Q

Intercalated ducts

A

Low cuboidal epithelial cells

30
Q

Striated ducts

A

Larger cuboidal cells becoming columnar

-infoldings of the basal plasma memebrane(for striations) involved in resorption of electrolytes

31
Q

Excretory ducts

A

Larger ducts that go to the oral cavity
Travel in the CT of the gland
-epithelium changes as it goes to the oral cavity from simple cuboidal/columnar to psuedostratified columnar to stratified squamous

32
Q

Major salivary glands(list)

A

1) Parotid glands
2) Submandibular glands
3) Sublinual glands

33
Q

Parotid gland

A
  • Serous only
  • enveloped in tough CT capsule
  • Fatty tissue to allow flexibilty
34
Q

Submandibular gland

A
  • Serous and mucous
  • Predominantly serous acini
  • duct runs forward to beneath the frenulum of the tongue
35
Q

Sublingual

A
  • Mucous & serous
  • Mostly mucous
  • multiple very small ducts that empty to submandibular duct or the floor of the mouth
36
Q

Saliva modification

A

Reabsorbs Na+ and Cl- with water not moving. giving a hypotonic alkaline saliva

37
Q

Enamel

A 
Acellular avasular nonvital/insensitive tissue
96% inorganic
-hardest calcified martix in the body 
-forms enamel rods
-ectoderm derived produced my ameloblast
38
Q

Dentin

A 
-More mineralized than bone
 70% hydroxyapatite
-Type I collagen
-made by odontoblasts
-cells reside in the pulp
39
Q

Pulp

A

Highly vacularized and abundant nerves

40
Q

Cementum

A
  • Covers root of the tooth firmly
  • Mineralized similar to bone
  • avascular
  • ectomesenchyme derived
41
Q

PDL(general)

A
  • between cementum and alveolar bone
  • primary fiber group made of type I collagen
  • high collagen fiber turnover
  • End are embedded into cementum as Sharpey’s fibers
  • Highly vascularized
42
Q

PDL(function)

A
  • Tooth attachment/fixation
  • tooth support adjusts to movement and stress
  • proprioception
  • detects pain
43
Q

PDL vs other ligaments

A
  • Highly cellular
  • Rich blood supply
  • Lost of nerves

Anatomy Module II (9 decks)

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