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Anatomy Module II > 3-Urinary System > Flashcards

3-Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Main components of the urinary system

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

Kidneys(general function)

A

2 parts

Produce urine as a filtrate of blood

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3
Q

Ureters(general function)

A

2 parts

Connects the Kidney and bladder

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4
Q

Bladder(General function)

A

Single

Storage area of urine

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5
Q

Urethra

A

Single

Leads urine from bladder and delivers it out of the body

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6
Q

Renal corpuscle (general

A

Contains the glomerulus surrounded by Bownman’s capsule

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7
Q

Nephron(general)

A

The structural and functional unit of the kidney

Includes: Renal corpuscle, Series of tubular sections, and collecting tubules and ducts.

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8
Q

Ultrafiltrate

A

Filtered substance BEFORE modifiation

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9
Q

Filtrate

A

Filtered substance DURING modification

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10
Q

Urine

A

Filtered substance AFTER modification is complete

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11
Q

Hilum

A

Concave part of the kidney.

Nerve and vessels enter and exit.

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12
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Is the ureter when it expands into the kidney at the hilum

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13
Q

2 layers of the kidney

A

Cortex(outer)

Medulla(inner)

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14
Q

Medullary pyramids

A

parts of the renal medulla shaped as pyramids that eventually drain into the renal pelvis
-6-18 pyramids in the medulla

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15
Q

Renal papilla

A

The tip of the medullary pyramid that points towards the hilum

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16
Q

Minor calyx

A

The tubule that connects to a single medullary pyramid

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17
Q

Major calyx

A

Where multiple minor calyx join into a bigger tubule

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18
Q

Where do all major calyx drain into?

A

The renal pelvis

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19
Q

Cortical(renal) Columns

A

The part of the cortex that is inbetween two adjacent pyramids

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20
Q

Cortical arch

A

Part of the cortex at the base of the pyramids

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21
Q

Renal lobe

A

Each medullary pyramid and the surrounding cortex(arch and cortical columns

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22
Q

Medullary rays

A

Part of the cortex that looks like the medulla that contains the collecting ducts

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23
Q

Order of the artery branches in the kidney

A

1)Renal artery
2)Segmental arteries
3)interlobAR arteries
4)arcuate arteries
5)interlobULAR arteries
6)afferent arterioles
7)efferent arterioles
8)Either- A)Peritubular capillary
plexus (PTCP)
B)Vasa recta

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24
Q

Interlobar arteries(location)

A

Run between pyramids

25
Q

Arcuate arteries

A

Run along the cortical arch side of the medullary pyramids

26
Q

Interlobular arteries

A

Run from the base of the pyramids to the surface of the cortex

27
Q

Afferent arterioles

A

Passes blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus

28
Q

Efferent arterioles

A

The blood from glomerulus is emptied into them

29
Q

Peritubular capillary

plexus (PTCP)

A

Capillary bed that supplies the cortex

30
Q

Vasa recta

A

Capillary bed that follows the Henle’s loop in the medulla

-are straight(recta)

31
Q

Venous branches(list)

A

PTCP empties into the interlobular veins

  • Inter lobular veins and Vasa recta empty into the Arcuate veins
  • Interlobar Veins
  • Branches of renal vein(segmental veins)
  • Renal vein
32
Q

Nephron(parts in order)

A

1)Renal corpuscle
2)Proximal convoluted tubule
3)Proximal straight tubule
4)Thick descending limb
5)Thin descending limb
6)Thin ascending limb
(Thin limbs are called loop of Henle together)
7)Distal straight tubule aka Thick ascending tubule
8) Distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

The renal corpuscle(location)

A

Only in the cortex

34
Q

Glomerulus

A

A tuft of capillaries

35
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A
  • Viseral layer-Epithelial cells are podocytes

- Parietal layer-epithelial cells are squamous

36
Q

Direction of drainage in renal corpuscle

A
  • From vascular pole to urinary pole

- Blood vessels enter and leave from the vascular pole

37
Q

What vessel enters the golmerulus

A

The afferent arteriole

38
Q

What vessel exits the golmerulus

A

The efferent arteriole

39
Q

What kind of capillaries are glomerulular capillaries?

A

Fenestrated capillaries

40
Q

What helps the blood to filter in the glomerulus?

A

The higher resistance in the efferent arterioles

41
Q

Two main processes of the podocyte and function

A
  • primary process(Larger branches)
  • secondary process or pedicels (smaller branches off the primary processes that interdigitate and allow for the filtering of the blood)
42
Q

Spaces between secondary processes

A

Filtration slits

43
Q

What covers the filtration slits?

A

Slit diaphragm

44
Q

What is the fluid that comes out of the filtration barrier(capillary,slit, and diaphragm complex)?

A

Ultrafiltrate

45
Q

Proximal tubule(parts)

A
  • Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT)

- Proximal straight tubule(pars recta)

46
Q

Proximal tubule(structure, function, location)

A
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli brush border
  • Absorbs organic nutrients, ions, water, and plasma proteins and releases them into the interstitial fluid
  • PCT only in cortex
  • Straight portion enters medulla as thick descending limb)
47
Q

Cell type in thin limb?

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

48
Q

What tubule is after the thin ascending once it enters the medulla?

A

Distal straight tubule or thick ascending limb

49
Q

Difference between PCT and DCT cells?

A

No brush border on the DCT cells

50
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparaus(JGA)

A

Feedback structure that keeps filtration rate consistent

  • Part of/contacts the Distal tubule
  • has endocrine role
51
Q

Drainage tubules after DCT(in order)

A
  • Collecting tubules
  • collecting ducts
  • minor calyx
52
Q

Collecting ducts(function and cell type)

A
  • Modify filtrate
  • have simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
  • Light and dark cells
53
Q

Light cells(principal cells)

A

Involved in water permeability

54
Q

Dark cells(intercalated cells)

A

-transport and secrete H+ and or bicarbonate modulating acid-base balance

55
Q

Epithelium lining of calyxes, renal pelvis and ureter

A

Transitional epithelium

56
Q

Ureter(function and structure)

A
  • Mucousa-transitional epithelial lining, lamina propria(CT layer)
  • Muscularis- SM organized into 3 layers
  • muscle contraction conveys urine towards bladder, vale at the base of the bladder to prevent back flow
57
Q

Urinary bladder(function/structure)

A
  • Storage site for urine
  • Transitional epithelium in in fold when empty and stretch out when full
  • Muscularis- 3 layers
  • Adventitia and serosa- CT w/ elastic fibers
58
Q

Urethra

A

Carries urine from bladder to external environment

  • Male is longer consists of 3 segments. Also runs thorugh the prostate gland carries sperm and urine
  • Female urethra is strictly a urinary organ

Anatomy Module II (9 decks)

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