3-Urinary System Flashcards
Main components of the urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Kidneys(general function)
2 parts
Produce urine as a filtrate of blood
Ureters(general function)
2 parts
Connects the Kidney and bladder
Bladder(General function)
Single
Storage area of urine
Urethra
Single
Leads urine from bladder and delivers it out of the body
Renal corpuscle (general
Contains the glomerulus surrounded by Bownman’s capsule
Nephron(general)
The structural and functional unit of the kidney
Includes: Renal corpuscle, Series of tubular sections, and collecting tubules and ducts.
Ultrafiltrate
Filtered substance BEFORE modifiation
Filtrate
Filtered substance DURING modification
Urine
Filtered substance AFTER modification is complete
Hilum
Concave part of the kidney.
Nerve and vessels enter and exit.
Renal pelvis
Is the ureter when it expands into the kidney at the hilum
2 layers of the kidney
Cortex(outer)
Medulla(inner)
Medullary pyramids
parts of the renal medulla shaped as pyramids that eventually drain into the renal pelvis
-6-18 pyramids in the medulla
Renal papilla
The tip of the medullary pyramid that points towards the hilum
Minor calyx
The tubule that connects to a single medullary pyramid
Major calyx
Where multiple minor calyx join into a bigger tubule
Where do all major calyx drain into?
The renal pelvis
Cortical(renal) Columns
The part of the cortex that is inbetween two adjacent pyramids
Cortical arch
Part of the cortex at the base of the pyramids
Renal lobe
Each medullary pyramid and the surrounding cortex(arch and cortical columns
Medullary rays
Part of the cortex that looks like the medulla that contains the collecting ducts
Order of the artery branches in the kidney
1)Renal artery
2)Segmental arteries
3)interlobAR arteries
4)arcuate arteries
5)interlobULAR arteries
6)afferent arterioles
7)efferent arterioles
8)Either- A)Peritubular capillary
plexus (PTCP)
B)Vasa recta
Interlobar arteries(location)
Run between pyramids
Arcuate arteries
Run along the cortical arch side of the medullary pyramids
Interlobular arteries
Run from the base of the pyramids to the surface of the cortex
Afferent arterioles
Passes blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus
Efferent arterioles
The blood from glomerulus is emptied into them
Peritubular capillary
plexus (PTCP)
Capillary bed that supplies the cortex
Vasa recta
Capillary bed that follows the Henle’s loop in the medulla
-are straight(recta)
Venous branches(list)
PTCP empties into the interlobular veins
- Inter lobular veins and Vasa recta empty into the Arcuate veins
- Interlobar Veins
- Branches of renal vein(segmental veins)
- Renal vein
Nephron(parts in order)
1)Renal corpuscle
2)Proximal convoluted tubule
3)Proximal straight tubule
4)Thick descending limb
5)Thin descending limb
6)Thin ascending limb
(Thin limbs are called loop of Henle together)
7)Distal straight tubule aka Thick ascending tubule
8) Distal convoluted tubule
The renal corpuscle(location)
Only in the cortex
Glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries
Bowman’s capsule
- Viseral layer-Epithelial cells are podocytes
- Parietal layer-epithelial cells are squamous
Direction of drainage in renal corpuscle
- From vascular pole to urinary pole
- Blood vessels enter and leave from the vascular pole
What vessel enters the golmerulus
The afferent arteriole
What vessel exits the golmerulus
The efferent arteriole
What kind of capillaries are glomerulular capillaries?
Fenestrated capillaries
What helps the blood to filter in the glomerulus?
The higher resistance in the efferent arterioles
Two main processes of the podocyte and function
- primary process(Larger branches)
- secondary process or pedicels (smaller branches off the primary processes that interdigitate and allow for the filtering of the blood)
Spaces between secondary processes
Filtration slits
What covers the filtration slits?
Slit diaphragm
What is the fluid that comes out of the filtration barrier(capillary,slit, and diaphragm complex)?
Ultrafiltrate
Proximal tubule(parts)
- Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT)
- Proximal straight tubule(pars recta)
Proximal tubule(structure, function, location)
- Simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli brush border
- Absorbs organic nutrients, ions, water, and plasma proteins and releases them into the interstitial fluid
- PCT only in cortex
- Straight portion enters medulla as thick descending limb)
Cell type in thin limb?
Simple Squamous Epithelium
What tubule is after the thin ascending once it enters the medulla?
Distal straight tubule or thick ascending limb
Difference between PCT and DCT cells?
No brush border on the DCT cells
Juxtaglomerular apparaus(JGA)
Feedback structure that keeps filtration rate consistent
- Part of/contacts the Distal tubule
- has endocrine role
Drainage tubules after DCT(in order)
- Collecting tubules
- collecting ducts
- minor calyx
Collecting ducts(function and cell type)
- Modify filtrate
- have simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium
- Light and dark cells
Light cells(principal cells)
Involved in water permeability
Dark cells(intercalated cells)
-transport and secrete H+ and or bicarbonate modulating acid-base balance
Epithelium lining of calyxes, renal pelvis and ureter
Transitional epithelium
Ureter(function and structure)
- Mucousa-transitional epithelial lining, lamina propria(CT layer)
- Muscularis- SM organized into 3 layers
- muscle contraction conveys urine towards bladder, vale at the base of the bladder to prevent back flow
Urinary bladder(function/structure)
- Storage site for urine
- Transitional epithelium in in fold when empty and stretch out when full
- Muscularis- 3 layers
- Adventitia and serosa- CT w/ elastic fibers
Urethra
Carries urine from bladder to external environment
- Male is longer consists of 3 segments. Also runs thorugh the prostate gland carries sperm and urine
- Female urethra is strictly a urinary organ
