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Anatomy Module II > 2-Integumentary system > Flashcards

2-Integumentary system Flashcards

1
Q

Part of the Integument

A
  • Skin
  • Sweat Glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Hair
  • Nails
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2
Q

Skin Functions

A
  • Reception
  • Protection
  • Regulation of body temp
  • Excretion
  • Absoprtion
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3
Q

Specialized Receptors

A
  • Mechano receptors-Touch ad pressure
  • Thermoreeptors(Cold and warmth)-Free nerve endings
  • Nociceptors(pain) -free nerve endings.
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4
Q

3 basic layers of skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
  • Hypodermis
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5
Q

Epidermis properties/function/origin

A

4-5 cell layers- constantly shed and get replaced

  • have free nerve endings
  • Derived from ectoderm
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6
Q

Dermis properties/function/origin

A

CT w/ collagen and elastin fibers

  • Has blood vesses, nerve endings, hair follicles and glands
  • Majo rle in formation and adhesion of epithelial cells
  • derived from meso derm
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7
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • Called the superficial fascia

- loose CT w/ adipose cells

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8
Q

Rete Apparatus

A

-At where the dermis and epidermis meer there are dermal and epidermal ridges that interdigitate

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9
Q

Type of epithelium in epidermis

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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10
Q

Types of cells in epidermis

A
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans cells
  • Merkel cells
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11
Q

Keratinocytes

A
  • largest cell population in skin

- Produce keratin and lipoporteins

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12
Q

Five zones/layers of keratinocytes

A

(from base to surface)

  • Stratum Basal(germinativum)
  • Stratum spinosum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum lucidum(not always there)
  • Stratum corneum
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13
Q

What attaches the stratum basal to everything else?

A

Desmosomes bind the startum basal cells to each other and to the cells of the stratum spinosum.
While hemidesmosomes attach them to the basal lamina

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14
Q

Stratum basale (keratin production)

A

They begin production of tonofilaments

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15
Q

Lower Stratum spinosum (keratin production)

A

Tonofilaments merge to form tonofibrils

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16
Q

Upper stratum spinosum (keratin production)

A

Cells begin to produce keratohylin granules

17
Q

Stratum granulosum (keratin production)

A

Substance from the keratohyalin granules(non-membrane bound) combine with the tonofibrils to form keratin

18
Q

Stratum corneum(keratin production)

A

Cytoplasm of the cells replaced by keratin

19
Q

Lamellar bodies

A
  • Made by keratinocytes
  • membrane bound
  • contain glycophospholipids
  • serve to waterproof skin
  • released into intercellular space in the stratum granulosum
20
Q

Melanocytes(location/function)

A
  • Stratum basale

- Formation of pigment in skin

21
Q

Pigment formation process

A
  • Tyrosine(Amino Acid) is transported into teh cell and converted to melanin by tyrosinase(enzyme)
  • Melanocytes have processes that go inbetween keratinocytes
  • Melanin is then transferred to keratinocytes via melanosomes
22
Q

Langerhans cells( Dendritic cells) function

A
  • Contain Birbeck granules(unknown function)

- Phagocytosis and Antigen presenting cell(APC)

23
Q

Merkel Cells

A
  • Associaed with sensory nerves which traverse basal lamina of teh epidermis
  • Mechanoreceptors( respond to light touch)
24
Q

Free nerve ending

A

-Thermoreceptors and nociceptors

25
Q

Dermis layers

A
  • Papillary layer

- Reticular layer

26
Q

Papillary layer contain…

A
  • Type III collagen
  • Elastic fibers
  • Anchoring fibrils(VII)
  • Capillary loops
  • CT cells
27
Q

Reticular layer

A
  • Type I collagen
  • lastic fibers
  • Sweat glands
  • Sebaceous glands
  • Hair follicles
  • Smooth muscle cells
28
Q

Type of glands and how they work

A
  • Holocrine- The whole cell is disintegrated and secreted
  • Merocrine- released through exocytosis of vesicles
  • Apocrine- Parts of the cells are pinched off
29
Q

Sweat gland secretion types

A
  • Eccrinee(merocrine)

- apocrine

30
Q

Myoepithelial cells (function/location)

A
  • they surround acini of exocrin glands (e.g. eccrine sweat glands)
  • Are of epthelial origin but have smooth muscle like properties.
  • They contact and help with releasing secretions.
31
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A
  • Found only in the armpit, areola of the nipple and the anal regions
  • Ducts open int the canal of hair follicles
32
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  • Found throughout the body except palm of hands, sole and side of feet.
  • Embedded in the dermis
  • Secretes sebum, a wax-like, oily mixture of cholesterol, triglycerides, etc
  • holocrine secretion
  • associated with hair follicles
33
Q

Arrrector pili muscles

A

-Make hair stand up and move.

34
Q

Receptors in the dermis

A
  • Meissners corpuscle(light touch)
  • Pacinian corpuscle(deep pressre/vibration)
  • Ruffini organ(Stretch)
35
Q

Receptors in the epidermis

A
  • Merkel disks

- Free nerve endings

Anatomy Module II (9 decks)

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