5. analytisk geometri Flashcards

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1
Q

analytisk geometri
(i planet, polynomekvationer i två variabler, grad 2)
(kägelsnitt, dubbelkon)

A

beskriva geometriska objekt med ekvationer

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2
Q

Koordinatsystem
punkt
Planet

A

koordinataxlar, origo
koordinater
R2, fyra kvadranter

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3
Q

räta linjens ekvation
riktningskoefficient
skärning
skärningspunkt

A

y = kx + m
(lutning)
(skärning med y-axeln)
(den punkt som uppfyller båda linjernas ekvation samtidigt)

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4
Q

enpunktsformeln

tvåpunktsformeln

A

y - y1 = k( x - x1)
k = Dy / Dx

y-y1 = ( (y2-y1)/(x2-x1) ) * (x-x1)

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5
Q

linjens ekvation på allmän form (varje linje i planet, även lodrät, kan skrivas som)

räta linjens ekvation på k-form

A

ax + by +c = 0

y = kx + m

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6
Q

andragradskurvor:
parabel (vertex)
förflyttnng höger/uppåt, ihoptryckning / töjning, spegling

A

y = ax2 + bx + c (vändpunkten)

x-a / y-b , kx / ky, -y

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7
Q

absolutbelopp
avstånd
omgivning

A

(icke negativt)
\ a - b \
alla x som uppfyller \ x - b \ < d, d>0

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8
Q

Definition 5.1: absolutbelopp

A

Låt a vara ett reellt tal. Vi definerar absolutbeloppet enligt
\a\ = a då a>=o
= -a då a<0

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9
Q

räknelagar absolutbelopp

A
\-a\ = a
\ab\ = \a\ * \b\
\ a/b \ = \a\ / \b\
\a\2 = a2
\a+b\ <= \a\ + \b\
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10
Q

avstånd i planet

A
d = rot( a2 + b2 )
d= rot( (a2-a1)2 + (b2-b1)2 )
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11
Q

cirkel, radie, medelpunkt
cirkelns ekvation
enhetscirkeln

A

( x-x0 )2 + (y-yo)2 = r2

x2 + y2 = 1

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12
Q

ellips, medelpunkt, halvaxlar

A

( (x-x0)2 / a2 ) + ( (y-y0)2 / b2 ) = 1

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13
Q

hyperbel, medelpunkt, asymptoter

A

( (x-x0)2 / a2 ) - ( (y-y0)2 / b2 ) = 1

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