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SPEECH ANATOMY > 5-3 articulation physiology II > Flashcards

5-3 articulation physiology II Flashcards

1
Q

active vs passive articulators

A

one moves & one is just there

usually have both

place of articulation usually named after passive articulator

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2
Q

bilabial

A

upper & lower lip

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
orbicularis oris & mentalis - close LL
levator & depressor anguli oris - squeezes lips together

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3
Q

labiodental

A

upper & lower lip

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
oribicularis oris & risorius - spreads mouth out, pulls sides away from each other

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4
Q

interdental

A

coronal

tongue tip & upper front teeth

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
posterior GG, transverse & vertical - elongation
SL - raise tip

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5
Q

alveolar

A

coronal

tongue tip & alveolar ridge

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
GG, SL - raise tongue tip

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6
Q

palatoalveolar

A

coronal

tongue blade & hard palate

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
GG, styloglossus - raise tongue body
IL - lower tongue tip

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7
Q

retroflex

A

coronal

tongue tip & hard palate

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
SL - raises tongue tip

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8
Q

palatal

A

dorsal

front of tongue & hard/soft palate

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
ant & post GG, palatoglossus, styloglossus - raise body

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9
Q

velar

A

dorsal

back of tongue & velum

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
ant & post GG, palatoglossus, styloglossus - raise tongue body

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10
Q

uvular

A

dorsal

back of tongue & uvula

medial pterygoid - closes jaw
ant & post GG, palatoglossus, styloglossus - raise tongue body

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11
Q

glottal

A

produced at vocal folds

lateral cricoarytenoid & interaarytenoid - adduction
thyroarytenoid - tension & medial compression

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12
Q

coarticulation: same articulator
(consonant & vowel)

A

speech is not a sequence of individual movements or sounds

movements for different sounds overlap

overlap creates variability in the specifics of these movements

/k/ in “key” is not the same as /k/ in “cool”
/k/ goal = constriction w/ body near velum
/i/ goal - constriction w/ body near hard palate
meet in middle

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13
Q

coarticulation: same articulator
(2 consonants)

A

no overlap

ten vs tenth

when you say ten you end w/ tongue tip @ alveolar ridge

when you say ten(th) you end w/ tongue tip against teeth

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14
Q

coarticulation: different articulators

A

deed vs dude

idi vs ada vs udu
tongue body doesn’t move, only the tip

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15
Q

goal of consonant production

A

make particular constrictions

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16
Q

evidence for constriction as goal of production

A

not everyone makes sounds the same exact way (bunched vs retroflex /r/)

muscles separately will have lots of variation - when combined there is less variation – suggesting constriction over movement

when LL is pushed down, UL & J compensate to create same constriction
this doesn’t happen for sounds where we don’t need LL

17
Q

hydrostats

A

something made of water

fixed volume

incompressible

compressing 1 portion will cause expansion elsewhere

18
Q

why is the tongue a hydrostat

A

muscle is mainly water

tongue is a muscle

tongue is a muscular hydrostat

19
Q

shorten the tongue

A

superior & inferior longitudinal

20
Q

lengthen the tongue

A

transverse & vertical

21
Q

deviate the tongue left or right

A

unilateral contraction of SL & IL

22
Q

compress the sides of the tongue
(narrow the tongue)

A

transverse

23
Q

raise the tongue tip

A

SL

24
Q

depress the tongue tip

A

IL

25
Q

create a groove in the tongue

A

vertical (genioglossus)

26
Q

protrude the tongue

A

posterior genioglossus, vertical & transverse

27
Q

constriction degree

A

approximants - wide constriction

fricatives - narrow constriction

stops - full closure

28
Q

sibilant fricatives

A

louder & higher frequency

groove in tongue creates a jet of air that runs into the front teeth

groove = GG & vertical

29
Q

escape channel

A

nasal or oral

central or lateral

30
Q

nasal vs oral

A

velum lowered = nasal

velum raises = oral

velum typically raised during speech

31
Q

central vs lateral

A

for most sounds air passes through the center of oral cavity

laterals only occur for sounds produced w/ the tongue tip
- actively pull down/in sides of tongue
or
- elongate body

32
Q

sound source

A

vocal fold vibration
turbulent air
oral pressure release

some sounds have more than one source

33
Q

vocal fold vibration

A

voiced = vibration
voiceless = no vibration

34
Q

turbulent air

A

narrow constriction causes turblence causes sound

fricatives

35
Q

number of constrictions

A

most consonants are produced w/ a single constriction in the oral cavity
some have more than one – approximants

36
Q

rhotic variability

A

/r/ has 3 constrictions
1. bilabial
2. coronal
3. pharyngeal

only 1 way to create bilabial & phayngeal
coronal can be bunched or retroflex

SPEECH ANATOMY (14 decks)

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