4-4 articulation physiology Flashcards
source-filter theory
sound production = source = larynx
sound shaping = filter = vocal tract
front to back tongue movement
extrinsic tongue muscles
(-glossus muscles)
up & down tongue movement
movement of the jaw
anterior genioglossus
mandible –> tip & blade
lowers & retracts front of tongue
middle genioglossus
mandible –> body
lowers & pulls forward body of tongue
posterior genioglossus
mandible –> body & root of tongue
pulls tongue root forward
/i/ as in heed
high-front vowel
elevate jaw
movement of tongue:
posterior genioglossus - pulls tongue root forward
anterior genioglossus - pulls front of tongue down
/u/ as in who
high back vowel
elevate jaw
movement of tongue:
probably styloglossus & palatoglossus - move tongue up & back
posterior & anterior genioglossus - squeeze tongue from the bottom so it pops up at the top
/a/ as in hot
low (back) vowel
constriction in pharynx - middle pharyngeal constrictor
depress jaw
movement of tongue:
hyoglossus - pulls tongue down & back
styloglossus - pulls tongue back
anterior & middle genioglossus - lower tongue
other vowels
similar constriction locations but more open
velum location for nasal sounds
velum lowered to allow air to pass through the nose
velum lowered when relaxed
velum location during speech
closed – to produce oral sounds
trapdoor
most common way to move the palate
levator veli palatini (& tensor + musculus uvulae)
lift velum up & back
circular
trapdoor method + superior pharyngeal constrictors
narrowing in all dimensions
lift velum up & back
contract superior pharyngeal constrictor
circular w/ Passavant’s Ridge
same as circular but w/ advancement of Passavant’s ridge
lift velum up & back
contract superior pharyngeal constrictor
advance rear pharyngeal wall
