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SPEECH ANATOMY > 3-3 phonation physiology > Flashcards

3-3 phonation physiology Flashcards

1
Q

vocal fold adduction

A

brings vocal folds together

bottom

interarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid

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2
Q

medial compression

A

holds vocal folds together

middle

muscularis

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3
Q

tonic contraction

A

same amount of muscle force for a sustained period of time

not moving because its against something but actively pushing against it

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4
Q

longitudinal tension

A

stiffness

top

cricothyroid
vocalis

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5
Q

how does airflow cause vocal fold vibration?

A

laryngeal conditions: vocal folds must be adducted & tensed

aerodynamic conditions: pressure below vocal folds must be greater than the pressure above the vocal folds

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6
Q

bernoulli effect

A

in a flowing stream of particles

pressure exerted by the particles is inversely proportional to their velocity

pressure increases, velocity decreases
velocity increases, pressure decreases

velocity of a moving fluid/gas goes up at a constriction

air has to flow faster when it’s narrow to keep the velocity constant

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7
Q

aerodynamics

A

2 physical objects

air goes through the middle

creates negative pressure

pushes objects together

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8
Q

vibratory cycle

A
  1. vocal folds are closed
  2. subglottal pressure increases from lung compression
  3. difference in pressure below & above folds pushes up on folds
  4. vocal folds blow open & release a burst of air
  5. air pressure decreases between vocal folds
  6. vocal folds get sucked back together from low pressure –> aided by recoil force from tissue elasticity
  7. process repeats – 60 - 500 times/sec ; creates sound

worm like motion

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9
Q

onset of phonation

A

pre-phonation

attack

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10
Q

pre-phonation

A

adduction & pressure build up

no vibration

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11
Q

attack

A

1st few cycles of vibration

irregular

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12
Q

simultaneous attacks

A

occurs when air is released just as the folds are adducted

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13
Q

breathy attack (soft attack)

A

occurs when air is released before closure is completed

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14
Q

glottal attack

A

occurs when air is released while the vocal folds are subjected to important medial compression

sudden

vocal tone is explosive

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15
Q

sustained phonation

A

extends from point of regular vibration to termination (abduction of vocal folds)

requires tonic contraction

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16
Q

characteristics of a vibratory cycle

A

opening phase = 50% of cycle

closing phase = 37% of cycle –> Bernoulli effect & tissue elasticity

closed phase = 13% of cycle –> vocal folds have to be closed for pressure to build back up

17
Q

open quotient

A

how much are the vocal folds open in proportion to the whole cycle

open phase / cycle duration

related to modes of phonation

18
Q

frequency

A

how often something happens

perceived as pitch

higher frequency = higher pitch

19
Q

cycle

A

distance between identical points on waveform

20
Q

period (t)

A

time to complete 1 cycle of vibration

21
Q

frequency F(t)

A

how often a cycle of vibration repeats itself per unit time

Hz = cycles / second

22
Q

habitual pitch

A

what you do when someone tells you to make noise

lower side of your vocal range

23
Q

pitch raising mechanisms

A

change in length, mass, &/or tension of vocal folds

elevate the larynx

24
Q

lengthen vocal folds to raise pitch

A

activate cricothyroid muscles (pars recta & oblique)

25
Q

tense vocal folds to raise pitch

A

thyroarytenoid muscle

when opposed by the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, thyroarytenoid tenses the vocal folds

need opposition so the vocal folds don’t get shorter

26
Q

pitch lowering mechanisms

A

decrease vibratory rate due to decrease in tension & increase in mass per unit length

relaxation of folds due to elasticity & active shortening of vocal folds

depress the larynx

27
Q

intensity

A

physical measure of sound pressure levels

perceived loudness

higher pressure = louder speech

28
Q

mode of vibration

A

pattern of activity that the folds undergo during phonation

29
Q

modal

A

moderate compression, adduction & tension

open quotient = 0.5

30
Q

creaky

A

strong adduction & compression
weak tension

irregular

open quotient = 0.3

31
Q

harsh

A

very strong compression & adduction
normal tension

pressing vocal folds very tightly –> air comes out irregularly

32
Q

breathy

A

weak adduction & compression
medium tension

little resistance to pressure build up - not fully abducting vocal folds

open quotient = 0.65

33
Q

whisper

A

higher compression than breathy voice

NO vibration

34
Q

falsetto

A

strong adduction & compression
high tension

vocal folds look long & thin

SPEECH ANATOMY (14 decks)

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