3-1 phonation intro & hard structures

Question 1

hyoid bone

Answer 1

body, greater & lesser cornu

in front of epiglottis, above thyroid

Question 2

thyroid cartilage

Answer 2

largest cartilage of the larynx

anterior & lateral walls of the larynx

superior notch = v shape in front

laryngeal prominence = tip of v

superior & inferior cornu –> inferior makes joint w/ cricoid cartilage

Question 3

cricoid cartilage

Answer 3

unpaired, ring shaped

connects to trachea

anterior arch = thinner part of ring on the front

quadrate lamina = side –> facets for cartilage attachment

Question 4

epiglottis

Answer 4

unpaired, elastic cartilage

attachment to thyroid, hyoid, & base of tongue

keeps food from entering larynx

when you swallow, larynx elevates forcing the epiglottis to close

folds down like trap door on top of the entire larynx

Question 5

dysphagia

Answer 5

when the epiglottis doesn’t do its function correctly

Question 6

arytenoid cartilages

Answer 6

moves the vocal folds

paired, hyaline cartilage

attached to posterior side of cricoid cartilage

pyramid shape

apex = top

vocal process = point on the inside of ring

muscular process = point on outside of ring

Question 7

corniculate cartilage

Answer 7

paired, elastic cartilage

very small

sits on top of the apexes of the arytenoid cartilage
inside swollen part on bottom of aryepiglottic folds

Question 8

cuneiform cartilage

Answer 8

paired, elastic cartilage

very small

embedded within the aryepiglottic folds
outside swollen ball part on the bottom of aryepiglottic folds

helps keep airway open & support for folds

Question 9

cricothyroid joint

Answer 9

pivot joint

thyroid cartilage moves forward

lengthens vocal folds –> more tension –> higher pitch

Question 10

cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 10

saddle joint - rocking & gliding

moves the arytenoid cartilages closer together or farther apart

adducts & abducts vocal folds

Question 11

extrinsic laryngeal membranes

Answer 11

fibers run superior –> inferior (up & down)

hyothyroid membrane

hypoepiglottic ligament

cricotracheal ligament

Question 12

intrinsic laryngeal membranes

Answer 12

elastic membranes

cricothyroid ligaments - medial & lateral

quadrangular membrane

Question 13

cricothyroid ligaments

Answer 13

anterior (medial) cricothyroid ligament - runs at an angle

lateral cricothyroid membranes = conus elasticus - runs up & down

Question 14

conus elasticus

Answer 14

upper edge between vocal process & angle of thyroid forms the vocal ligament

Question 15

quadrangular membrane

Answer 15

runs between inner thyroid & arytenoid cartilages

superior surface forms the aryepiglottic folds

Question 16

mucous membrane

Answer 16

lines entire larynx

mainly psuedostratified columnar cilliated epithelial tissue

vocal folds = stratified squamos epithelial tissue

lots of layers of tissue –> vocal folds hitting against each other a lot, need a lot of protection